1. Program Planning Program Planning

2. It is a document which defines a health problem or a group of problems in one field, describes the goals set up to solve these problems and specify the activities and operations necessarily to achieve these goals.

3. A good health planners should keep in mind that the resources available and time for execution of the plan.

4. Program planning differs from health setting to another because of: Difference in needs and demands National and local resources and technology. Attitudes of people and their leaders. Organizational structure and type of resources, administration, and available services.

5. Importance of program planning Justify the budget and gain financial support. Determine the priorities. Define the goals of the departments and relate the program goals to the departmental goals. To provide means for evaluation, also norms and Standards o of the services. To document the details of activities and instructions.

6. Steps of program planning Identification of the problem In health problem, you should define: Nature of the problem (type). to fit the problem in the ICD. or does the problem create a real demand or it is just a need and the people are unaware it. Extent of the problem (magnitude); morbidities and mortalities.

7. Significance of the problem (importance). Some indices are put to determine priorities e.g. Cendis formula P = MIV / C P : Priorities M: Magnitude V: Vulnerability C: Cost

8. e.g. In cancer lung (M) = 1/ 10000 (I) age group over 50 years = 50% (V) = 25% (C)= 500000$ Some time you can add the time consuming and economical importance through the cost benefit analysis.

9. Identify the resources such as 1. financial resources (budget); How to use the budget in the program. 2. Human manpower Such as professional and non professional and their demographical characteristics besides their productivity ( amount of services per worker per unit time) 3.physical resources (Facilities, equipment, supplies).

10. Indices of the health status infant mortality rate Specific morbidities and mortalities Life expectation Birth rate Maternal mortality rate Crude death rate

11. Indices of health services Health expenditure as a part of national income. Average per capita of health expenditure. Numbers of physicians per population (10000) Numbers of beds per population (1000) Annual per capita / doctor patient contact Numbers of prenatal consultation per live births. Numbers of well baby consultation per live births. Percent of population under health insurance.

12. 111- Determination of goals and objectives The goal is a general long range specified state to be followed by some course of action towards which activities must be directed. It is not limited by time or existing resources. e.g Promotion of family health Eradication of malaria in Sudan Control air pollution in Riyadh city

13. e.g. an objective for "promotion of family health" What? To decrease birth rate. How much? From 40/1000 to 30/1000 When? 5 years Where? Rural areas To whom? female population at risk.

14. 1V- Strategies and operational program Through this step the activities which would achieve the objectives are selected. These activities depend on identification of the health problems and level of attack on one side, and on the existing and available resources on the other side. The suitable method used in the selection of these activities are called functional analysis. In this method, the main areas of health or the main departments are broken and analyzed not on Organizational basis but on functional basis.

15. The main function is broken into main activities and these activities are further analyzed into smaller activities and finally into tasks which are performed at the local operational level. Now, for each activity. A task is selected, an end result is put. This is called a target. A target is an expected end result of a certain specified activity or task usually stated in numerical forms.

16. In our example: One of the activities chosen after functional analysis is the environmental sanitation (Potable water and latrine supply). The target is: The supply of 100% of population with latrines and potable water in the first six months. Once you put the target, you should choose the resources and combine them with activities and then develop the program which should be appropriate.

17. The role of the planner is to provide all circumstances for successful Implementation Good scientific management & dividing the work Decentralization of some of the administrative activities. Delegation of authorities through assign duties, give a grant authority, create responsibility. Provide good environment through motivation and creating responsibilities. Control and supervision based in information system and type of leadership. Evaluation. Certain standards could be defined. e.g. Productivity standard: The amount of services per worker per unit time. Other standard such as the efficiency, and effectiveness appropriateness (process measurement).

18. 11V- Implementation and evaluation.The degree of success of any program depends on the acceptance of the plan by The administrator and employees who will implement the plan. The degree of the acceptance is proportional to the degree of participation in the plan there for the plan should be democratic one. This may need from the manager for further training, education and creation for awareness and responsibility.