1. Okoya Shanu Emmanuel 109903 Adamson Ndarake Ndem 127557 CENSORSHIP PRESENTED BY

2. OBJECTIVES After completing this presentation you should be able to do the following:  Discuss censorship and its types  Discuss the medium of censorship  Discuss the important of censorship  Discuss the effects of censorship

3. Censorship : Is the suppression of speech or other public communication which may be considered objectionable, harmful, sensitive, or inconvenient as determined by a government, media outlet, or other controlling body.

4. Political censorship Religion censorship Self censorship Types of censorship

5. Political censorship : Can be defined as an attempt to conceal, fake or falsify information that its citizens receive by suppressing or crowding out political news that the public might receive through news outlets.

7. Censorship by religion: This is a form of censorship where freedom of expression is controlled or limited using religions authority or on the basis of teaching of the religion.

8. Self censorship: Simplifies the act of classifying one’s own work or other means of expression out of fear.  Self censorship is often practiced by publishers, journalist or individuals.

10. Medium of censorship  Internet censorship  Films censorship  Book censorship

11. Internet censorship: Terms controlling or accessing information on the internet that may be carried out by government or by private organizations.

12. Film censorship: Aside from the usual justifications of pornography and obscenity, some films are censored due to changing racial attitudes or political correctness political in order to avoid ethnic stereotyping and/or ethnic offense despite its historical or artistic value.

13. Book censorship : can be endorse at the national or sub-national level, and can carry legal penalties for their infraction. As a result, books can be removed from schools or libraries.

14. Book burning can also be symbolic of a harsh and unjust regime which is seeking to silence an aspect of a nation's culture. In some cases the works destroyed are irreplaceable and their burning constitutes a severe loss to cultural heritage. Examples include destruction of the Library of Baghad, the burning of books and burying of scholars, under China's Qin Dynasty, and the Nazi book burning.

15. Importance of censorship  Ensure the security of the nation  Necessary to prevent conflict  Prevents children from violence, sex and pornography

16. Censorship prevents children from violence, sex and pornography. Children at their young age like to mimic whatever they see and they do not know how to differentiate between right and wrong.

17. Censorship can ensure the security of the nation. For instance, Wiki Leaks on the internet that leak out a lot of scandal of politician and those rich or with power. It is also included the critic among nation.

18. Censorship in media is necessary to prevent conflict happening between different races and religious especially in Malaysia which has many people with different skin colour. Censorship will plays its role in considering the topic that is sensitive like movie tell about racism or a talk that attack some other religion.

20. Effects of censorship  Limit human right  Less Freedom of speech  Censorship is unreliable

21. Human right : Are commonly understood as inalienable fundamental rights to which a person is inherently entitled simply because she or he is a human being.

22. Freedom of speech: the opportunity given to the people(citizen) of a country, one’s right, power, desires and ability to stand alone.

23. Censorship is unreliable: Collecting of information by the government or corporation from individual or press and presenting those information's in a suitable way to the public.

24. conclusion In conclusion; Censorship is the act of hiding of information, knowledge and power that limit the right of the people in a society. which is not ethical according to

25. Access to information is a Human right! 1946 the 1 st united nations gathering “ freedom of information is a fundamental human right and touchstone of all the freedom to which the united nations is consecrated” (MENDEL).

26. Reference:  http://classiclit.about.com/od/bannedliteratur1/Banned_Books _Censorship.htm  http://journalism.okstate.edu/faculty/jsenat/censorship/definin g.htm  http://gilc.org/speech/osistudy/censorship/  Chadwick, Andrew (2009). Routledge handbook of Internet censorship. Routledge international handbooks  The Columbia Encyclopedia, Sixth Edition. 2001