1. NORTHERN CALIFORNIA RENAISSANCE CONFERENCE 2009 The Last of the Renaissance Aristotelians and His (Their?) Influence on Modern Science John P. McCaskey Stanford University Program in History and Philosophy of Science and Technology Jacopo Zabarella: The Last of the Renaissance Aristotelians and His Influence on Modern Science Jacopo Zabarella

2. NORTHERN CALIFORNIA RENAISSANCE CONFERENCE 2009 Montaigne Zabarella 15321589 1578 15331592 1580 Galileo 15641642 1638 154015501560157015801590160016101620 1630 16401530 Montaigne and Zabarella

3. NORTHERN CALIFORNIA RENAISSANCE CONFERENCE 2009 Zabarella 15321589 Galileo 156416421638 School of Padua

4. NORTHERN CALIFORNIA RENAISSANCE CONFERENCE 2009 1500160017001800 Inductive Science Scholastic Aristotelianism Comes Down to Induction

5. NORTHERN CALIFORNIA RENAISSANCE CONFERENCE 2009 I Tatti Renaissance Library Harvard University Press I Tatti Renaissance Library

6. NORTHERN CALIFORNIA RENAISSANCE CONFERENCE 2009 Method of Regressus Argue from effect to cause Argue from cause to effect Regressus: Its Two Parts Planets are near. Planets do not twinkle. À posteriori À priori Resolution Composition InductionDeduction Knowledge of the fact Knowledge of the reasoned fact Particulars to universal Universals to particulars

7. NORTHERN CALIFORNIA RENAISSANCE CONFERENCE 2009 Method of Regressus Argue from effect to cause Argue from cause to effect Regressus: Two Syllogisms Therefore, planets are near. Planets do not twinkle. What does not twinkle is near. Therefore, planets do not twinkle. Planets are near. What is near does not twinkle. Planets are near. Planets do not twinkle. Demonstratio quia Demonstratio ab effectu Demonstratio a signo Syllogismo a signo Demonstration of the second grade Demonstratio propter quid Demonstratio potissima Demonstration in the highest sense

8. NORTHERN CALIFORNIA RENAISSANCE CONFERENCE 2009 Induction Therefore, every man is biped. Peter is biped. Socrates is biped. Plato is biped.Therefore, every man is biped. Peter, Socrates, Plato & any other man are biped. Peter, Socrates, Plato & any other man are men. Therefore, all men are biped. Peter, Socrates, Plato & any other man are biped. All men are Peter, Socrates, Plato & any other man. “proprio lumine ”

9. NORTHERN CALIFORNIA RENAISSANCE CONFERENCE 2009 Method of Regressus Argue from effect to cause Argue from cause to effect Regressus: Two Syllogisms, Three Insights Therefore, planets are near. Planets do not twinkle. What does not twinkle is near. Therefore, planets do not twinkle. Planets are near. What is near does not twinkle. Planets are near. Planets do not twinkle.

10. NORTHERN CALIFORNIA RENAISSANCE CONFERENCE 2009 Everard Digby of Cambridge Montaigne Zabarella 15321589 1578 15331592 1580 Digby c. 15511605 1579 154015501560157015801590160016101620 1630 16401530 Everard Digby c. 1551–1605 Everard Digby c. 1551–1605

11. NORTHERN CALIFORNIA RENAISSANCE CONFERENCE 2009 Argue from effect to cause Argue from cause to effect Digby’s Ascent and Descent Therefore, planets do not twinkle. Planets are near. What is near does not twinkle. Therefore, planets are near. Planets do not twinkle. What does not twinkle is near. Effects Causes The One Cause

12. NORTHERN CALIFORNIA RENAISSANCE CONFERENCE 2009 Zabarella and Digby Zabarella 15321589 1578 Digby c. 15511605 1579 154015501560157015801590160016101620 1630 16401530 All valid knowledge is à priori deductive deduced from ideas that are “clear,” “known by a clear light,” “known by their own light,” “distinct” justified by contemplative insight alone, without need for empirical grounding All valid knowledge is à priori deductive deduced from ideas that are “clear,” “known by a clear light,” “known by their own light,” “distinct” justified by contemplative insight alone, without need for empirical grounding “the almost mystical beginnings of knowledge”

13. NORTHERN CALIFORNIA RENAISSANCE CONFERENCE 2009 Descartes Zabarella 15321589 1578 Digby c. 15511605 1579 154015501560157015801590160016101620 1630 16401530 Descartes 15961644

14. NORTHERN CALIFORNIA RENAISSANCE CONFERENCE 2009 1500160017001800 Inductive Science Scholastic Aristotelianism Deductive Science Humanist Aristotelianism S Method of Ascent & Descent Method of Regressus “idol” Concluding Integration