1. Rules 19 and 20 Obstructions (and some general comments about the RRS) PYC May 22, 2012 David Roseman

2. General informaton about The Racing Rules of Sailing for 2009-2012 Basic Principle Part 1 – Fundamental Rules Part 2 – When Boats Meet – Section A – Right of Way – Section B – General Limitations – Section C – At Marks and Obstructions Part 3 -- Conduct of a Race Part 4 – Other Requirements When Racing Part 5 – Protests, Redress, Hearings, Misconduct and Appeals Part 6 – Entry and Qualification Part 7 – Race Organization

3. Appendix A – Scoring Appendix J – Notice of Race and Sailing Instructions Appendix K – Notice of Race Gide Appendix L – Sailing Instructions Guide Appendix M – Recommendations fo rProtest Committees Appendix P – Special Procedurese for Rule 42 Appendix S -- Sound-Signal Starting System Index Definitions

4. SECTION C – At Marks and Obstruction Section C rules do not apply at a starting mark surrounded by navigable water or at its anchor line from the time boats are approaching them to start until they have passed them. When rule 20 applies, rules 18 and 19 do not. [Rule 18 will be discussed by Peter Blacklock]

5. 19 ROOM TO PASS AN OBSTRUCTION 19.1 When Rule 19 Applies Rule 19 applies between boats at an obstruction except when it is also a mark the boats are required to leave on the same side. However, at a continuing obstruction, rule 19 always applies and rule 18 does not. 19.2 Giving Room at an Obstruction (a) A right-of-way boat may choose to pass an obstruction on either side. (b) When boats are overlapped, the outside boat shall give the inside boat room between her and the obstruction, unless she has been unable to do so from the time the overlap began. (c) While boats are passing a continuing obstruction, if a boat that was clear astern and required to keep clear becomes overlapped between the other boat and the obstruction and, at the moment the overlap begins, there is not room for her to pass between them, she is not entitled to room under rule 19.2(b). While the boats remain overlapped, she shall keep clear and rules 10 and 11 do not apply.

6. 20 ROOM TO TACK AT AN OBSTRUCTION 20.1 Hailing and Responding When approaching an obstruction, a boat sailing close-hauled or above may hail for room to tack and avoid another boat on the same tack. After a boat hails, (a) she shall give the hailed boat time to respond; (b) the hailed boat shall respond either by tacking as soon as possible, or by immediately replying ‘You tack’ and then giving the hailing boat room to tack and avoid her; and (c) when the hailed boat responds, the hailing boat shall tack as soon as possible.

7. 20.2 Exoneration When a boat is taking room to which she is entitled under rule 20.1(b), she shall be exonerated if she breaks a rule of Section A or rule 15 or 16. 20.3 When Not to Hail A boat shall not hail unless safety requires her to make a substantial course change to avoid the obstruction. Also, she shall not hail if the obstruction is a mark that the hailed boat is fetching.

8. What is an obstruction? Obstruction An object that a boat could not pass without changing course substantially, if she were sailing directly toward it and one of her hull lengths from it. An object that can be safely passed on only one side and an area so designated by the sailing instructions are also obstructions. However, a boat racing is not an obstruction to other boats unless they are required to keep clear of her or give her room. Continuing obstruction From Perry p 197 An obstruction that a boat “continues” to sail next to for a longer period of time, as opposed to one that is passed in a matter of seconds. A vessel underway, including a boat racing, is never a continuing obstruction. Probable examples are PYC dock, condo docks and Snug Harbor

9. “…changing course substantially…” = 10 degrees 10 degrees to radians0.174533 atan 10 degrees0.172792 x22.5 ‘ y = atan(10) * 22.53.88783’ 2 * y7.77' 10° 22.5’ 3.89’

10. 7.77’ Ensign (22.5’ long) Opinion Empty mooring or no-wake buoy probably NOT an obstruction Any moored boat probably IS an obstruction Committee boat until approaching mark to start race probably probably IS an obstruction

11. Example 1

12. ROW boat May choose to pass either side Must stay clear, even though leeward Example 1

13. L W Example 2

14. If no overlap, or overlap obtained within one boat length, W must stay clear L W Example 2

15. Example 3 PYC Finish Overlap before continuing obstruction W L

16. Example 3 PYC Finish Overlap before continuing obstruction L is entitled to room W L

17. Example 4 PYC Finish No overlap before continuing obstruction W L

18. Example 4 PYC Finish No overlap before continuing obstruction L is not entiltled to room W L

19. Example 5 PYC Finish L MARK

20. Example 5 PYC Finish L MARK M IMHO, L would be entitled to room to clear the dock, but not to clear M If M is an Ensign that has completed the race, perhaps we need a rule to prevent this situation W

21. References The Racing Rules of Sailing for 2009-2012 Perry, Dave Understanding the Racing Rules of Sailing through 2012 http://www.racingrules.org/guide/guide05a.htm http://www.ussailing.net/wlyc/Yacht%20Racing%20Rules.htm

23. Fleet 70 rules Can’t find rule about not obstructing boats after finish.