1. John Shelton South Carolina Water Science Center

2. Congo River Project History with AMNH History with AMNH Field verification of model predictions Field verification of model predictions (depth, slope, stream power, roughness, Froude)—WHY?? Acoustic and Water Quality measurement Acoustic and Water Quality measurement --Fish diversity definition --OSW time tests --Turbulence definition --QW field parameters and samples --Bathymetry--Discharge

3. http://research.amnh.org/ichthyology/congo/index.html

4. Congo River is a major biogeographic barrier American Museum of Natural History

5. “...landlocked system was captured in the Miocene (5-15 mya) by a short river draining into the Atlantic Ocean, producing the drainage pattern of Central Africa seen today.” (Stankiewicz & de Wit, 2006) BUT others claim the capture event happened as recently as 400,000 ya (very young) while yet others claim it occurred as long ago as 35mya (very old) American Museum of Natural History

7. CURRENT SPECIES COUNT ca. 135 ~ 30% endemism American Museum of Natural History

8. Lamprologus tigripictilis Lamprologus lethops Lamprologus werneri American Museum of Natural History

9. Lamprologus lethops American Museum of Natural History

10. Field Verification and Hydroacoustic Measurements 7-man kayak team7-man kayak team 80 mile reach80 mile reach NGS Photo/ videographyNGS Photo/ videography Single line bathymetrySingle line bathymetry

11. Kayak Team Differential GPSDifferential GPS Echo sounderEcho sounder Power supplyPower supply Data loggerData logger Kayak-camKayak-cam Helmet-camHelmet-cam QW sampling suppliesQW sampling supplies 2X

12. John & Ned’s Excellent Adventure

13. Congo River at Luozi 1.26 million CFS in 22 minutes1.26 million CFS in 22 minutes 1.3 miles wide1.3 miles wide 80 feet deep80 feet deep

14. …upstream to Pioka

16. Processing Issues Power Power Bugs Bugs

17. …downstream to Bulu

18. Power supply Echo sounder Echo sounder transducer Laptop 300 kHz ADCP Water-quality monitor Differential GPS Solar Panel

19. What IS the deepest river?? ADCP Beam Depth Echo Sounder Depth

20. Velocity Distribution--Relearned Areas of significant down- welling Areas of significant down- welling Downstream “jets” at depth Downstream “jets” at depth

21. ADCP measurements: Lower Congo River 2008 6 random transects Four surveys Ned Gardiner, PhD AMNH/NOAA

22. Below Bulu Ned Gardiner, PhD AMNH/NOAA

24. Turbulence Definition— Longitudinal transect Accelerations in “constricted” areas Accelerations in “constricted” areas Velocity “ramps” and “dives” due to bedforms Velocity “ramps” and “dives” due to bedforms

25. “The Turbulence”

26. Primary data processing/interpretation Primary data processing/interpretation Relate hydraulic data to fish data Relate hydraulic data to fish data Visualization products Visualization products -- Animations, fact sheets, NG Explorer Water-quality samples (nutrients, major cations, metals) Water-quality samples (nutrients, major cations, metals) Future projects Future projects Where do we go from here?

27. Questions