1. Mexican, Russian, and Chinese Revolutions
The 20th Century
Mexican, Russian, and Chinese Revolutions

2. Mexican Revolution Causes Consequences
The need for political and land reforms, education, and nationalism
World War I affects - Economic recession caused by the U.S.'s limited purchasing of Latin American products led to an unhappy population
Foreigners controlled large amounts of the economy
Large land amounts under the hacienda system were mainly controlled by the elite (Economic unbalance)
Overthrew dictator Porfirio Diaz
Created the Modern Mexican state
Mexican Constitution of 1917-
- Promised land reform,
- Limited foreign land and resource
ownership
- Offered rights to workers
- Limited churches ability to own land
- Allowed for educational reforms
National confederation formed to represent workers in workers
Party of the Institutionalized Revolution formed into a powerful political force

3. Politics and Culture in Mexico
Political
Cultural
Porfirio Diaz's regime was in control
Corruption in the government and political opponents were exiled
Government oppressed workers who disagreed with the land distribution or forced labor
Rigged elections kept Diaz in power
Marxist socialism grew among the intellectuals
US intervened
Nationalism grew (ex. Secular schools that focused on Mexican heritage)
Diego Rivera and Jose Orozco painted murals and designed public buildings that "informed, convinced, and entertained"
Novelists analyzed and wrote about past events and heroes
The Catholic church opposed secularization and education reforms
Peasant movement supported by the church occurred in 1920 (Cristeros fought against secularization)

4. Mexican Revolution Key Players
Francisco Madero- Democratic reformer in Mexico that proposed moderate reforms in 1910
Believed in moderate democratic reforms to relieve social tension wiothout limiting economic growth
Arrested by Porfirio Diaz and began the revolution against him when released from prison
Temporarily gained power but assassinated 1913
Porfirio Diaz- A Mexican president from (35 years officially and unofficially)
Imposed strong central government
Under his rule Mexico modernized:
Built mines, plantations, telegraph lines and railroads
Modernization brought wealth to the nation-- Most wealth was maintained within a few families
Many lower classes were repressed and participated in forced labor
Economic recession struck and many lost their jobs = time for a change

5. More Key Players
Victoriano Huerta-Attempted to reestablish the central dictatorship in Mexico following the removal of Madero in 1913
Forced from power in 1914 by:
Emiliano Zapata- A peasant leader who hoped rebellion would bring land reform
Pancho Villa- Mexican revolutionary and military leader in northern Mexico along with Zapata
Alvaro Obregon-Emerged as leader of the Mexican government in 1915 and became president in 1920

6. I must-ache you a question, who are these people?
Francisco Madero Porfirio Diaz Victoriano Huerta
Emiliano Zapata Alvero Obregon Pancho Villa

7. Russian Revolution Causes Consequences
Attempts to incorporate Lenin's version of Communism
Economic strains from World War I
Many men joined the armies leaving farms unattended causing food shortages (famine)
Workers rebelled due to poor working conditions and they wanted higher pay
Government was corrupt and oppressive
-Tsar refused to initiate reforms
The rise of radical socialist parties who wanted to overthrow tsarism and capitalism (Mostly among the intelligentsia and educated)
Ends tsarist rule in Russia
Creates the first Communist state
Withdrawal of Russia from World War I
Industrial growth and organization of economy on five-year plans
Lenin redistributes land
Formation of Soviet Union
Russia eventually evolves into a world power
Communism spreads and the world begins to pick sides (communists versus capitalists---ex. Cold War)
Rapid spread of education
Comintern (International office of communism) developed

8. Russian Stabilization
Leon Trotsky develops a new Red Army that used lower classes and peasants to build a successful army that is loyal to the government
Lenin develops a New Economic Policy which promised some freedom to small business and landowners
Food production began to recover under new economic policies
A new constitution set up a system of socialist republics
U.S.S.R.- The federal system of socialist republics established in 1923 in various ethnic regions of Russia and was dissolved in 1991
Controlled by Communists
Diminished nationalities protest under the Bolsheviks
Had mixed impacts-- it preserved ethnic Russians but did little to impact minority groups like Jews
Supreme Soviet developed which acted as a parliament but was controlled by communists
Comintern-Encourages the formation of communist parties elsewhere
Overall: Communists take over with authoritarian rule and make it more efficient than the last form of government, even enforced a political police

9. Key Players
Vladimir Lenin- Russian founder of the Bolsheviks and leader of the Russian Revolution
First head of the U.S.S.R
Communist radical
Supported his New Economic Policy (combined capitalism with socialism), redistributed land, and nationalized banks and industry
Joseph Stalin- Successor to Lenin as head of the U.S.S.R. and led them through World War II
Fought for position by crushing his opponents
Strong nationalist view of communism
Represented the anti-Western strain on Russian tradition
Established a series of five year plans to replace the New Economic Policy
Pushed agricultural collectivization
Furthered Cold War with the U.S.
Comintern developed- International office of communism

10. "Have you signed up as a volunteer?"
More mustaches...
"Have you signed up as a volunteer?"
-Red Army"
Vladimir Lenin Joseph Stalin

11. Problems After the Fall of the Qing
Chinese Revolution
Problems After the Fall of the Qing
Power struggle between warlords, students, politicians, and secret societies
Japanese intruders
Communist movements
Internal divisions and foreign influences
Military commanders or warlords held the most power and that often led to domination in politics
New ideologies developed
Poor/Weak military = DEFENSELESS
Western powers continuously intervened

12. Chinese Revolution Causes Consequences Western Interference
Unfair treatment of peasants
Communism's spread
Weak rulers and warlord domination
Wish to unify China under a single government
Wish for social reforms to solve poverty problems
Japan's thirst for expansion and imperialistic conquering in China
Chinese thinkers and younger generations wanted to modernize China (Women's rights, education, literacy, and Western-style culture)
End of the final Chinese dynasty
Internal fighting over power
-Marxist and Communist
Marxist Study Club developed
Communist Party for China develops, which offers a solution to the void left from the Qing
Guomindang forms as a Nationalist party
Communist Alliance forms between the Soviet Union and China
-Whampoa Military Academy is founded
Events
Long March
May Fourth Movement: Attempt at making China a liberal democracy

13. Chinese Revolution Key Players
Yuan Shikai- A warlord in northern China after the fall of the Qing Dynasty
Hoped to seize the imperial throne
President of China after 1912
Resigned due to the Japanese invasion of 1916
Sun Yat-Sen- Head of the Revolutionary Alliance organization that led 1911 revolt against the Qing Dynasty
Briefly elected president in 1911 before Yuan
Created the Guomindang in 1919:
A Nationalist party in China
Drew support from local warlords and Chinese criminals
Initially forged an alliance with communists in 1924 until the civil war

14. More Key Players... Chinese Marxists
Li Dazhao-Chinese intellectual who gave attention to Marxist philosophy
Headed a study circle at the University of Beijing
Saw peasants as the leaders of revolutionary communism
Mao Zedong- Communist leader
Advocated the rural reform and the role of peasants in the revolution
Led Communist action against the Guomindang
Long March of Communist escape from Hunan province during the civil war with the Guomindang ( Mao becomes the head of the Communist Party
Seized control of all mainland China by 1949
Initiated the Great Leap Forward in 1958

15. Conclusion: Mustaches = Power
Yuan Shikai Sun Yat-sen Li Dazhao Mao Zedong