1. 18.1 Introduction to urban environmental management 18.2 Urban development and urban environmental problems 18.3 The development of urban environmental management 18.4 Urban environmental management system 18.5 The approaches and methods of urban environmental management 18.6 Case study

2. 18.1 Introduction The substance of urban environmental management ：  Conscious self-restraint  By administration, economy, law, education, technology and etc. treatments  Fundamental guarantee for urban sustainable development The characteristics of urban environmental management  Systematicness  Activity  Prediction  Coordination

3. 18.2 Urban development and urban environmental problems 18.2.1 The Stage of Urban Development  Stage performance  The problems of the relationship research between economic growth and environmental quality are as followings: ☆ The research is focused on national rather than urban ☆ Neglect the problem of ecological environmental which is related to lifestyle. ☆ The research of the evolution in urban ecological environment is every little.  Three general types of urban ecological environment

4. Figure 18-1 The structural characteristics of urban ecological environment problems and the stage model of urban development

5. 18.2.2 Ecological city O. Yanistky,a former Soviet urban ecologist proposed five principles of ecological city in 1987 Definition of ecological city Landscape city and garden city ecological protection Ecological basic supporting infrastructure guarantee the standard of residents living The protection of historical culture integrate natrue into city

6. Figure 18-2 The composite structure of urban ecological system

7. 18.3 The development of urban environmental management 18.3.1 Urban environment pollution control 18.3.2 Management of urban ecological environment  Substance: manage Human’s Behavior by themselves in the city.  Aim: Coordinate development of environment and economy to create a good apace which is fit to live and develop ultimately. prevention in the first place, integrating prevention with controlI,integrated control end treatment of pollution the prevention and control of pollution sources

8. Figure 18-3 Sustainable development planning concept of urban ecological in Guangzhou 安全 活力 发展 健康 生态 城市 生态 城市 安全 活力 发展 健康 生态 城市 生态 城市

9. 18.4 Urban environmental management system 18.4.1 System frame of urban environmental management system environmental policy Identification and evaluation of environmental factors Identification and evaluation of environmental factors Requirements of rules and regulations Target and index Training summary Management scheme operation monitoring evaluation Figure 18-4 Inside logical process of environmental management system

10. 18.4.2 The policy and principle of urban environmental management Generally,it should be considered as the following aspects when formulating the environmental policy:  The nature and scale of the urban development’s construction activities  The principle of continuous improvement  The principle of preventing pollution  Urban natural environment and socio-economic condition  Relevant environmental regulations and requirements

11. Figure 18-5 The organization of China urban environmental management 18.4.3 The system and organization of urban environmental management

12. 18.4.4 The plan of urban environmental management ApproachContent Compulso ry measure Legal meansEnvironmental Protection Legislation Administrative means Environmental special funds, environmental research, education investment, guidance of environmental industry, environmental planning supervision Economic means Pigou means Ecological taxation, pollution charge, environmental subsidies, emissions trading system, resource consultation system Coase means Non- compulsor y measure Educational means Popularization of environmental protection knowledge, indoctrination of environmental protection laws and regulations Figure 18-1 Means of urban environmental management Urban environmental management Environmental monitoring immediate feedback predictability

13. 18.5 The approaches and methods of urban environmental management 18.5.1 Pollutant index management (1)Pollutant concentration index management  Comprehensive index  Index of classification  Single index (2) Total emissions index management Control the total emissions  Emission declaration  Total auditing  Grant of emission certification and temporary emission certification

14. The management of environmental capacity and total emissions The key to implementation of total emissions management is the reasonable distribution and allocate of total emissions. Assume that the environmental capacity of pollutant X in certain area is M, total emissions control means the total emission of the pollutant X is Q, it should be less than or equal to M. If there are n pollution sources in the pollutant X, the emission of each source pollution is Qxi (I = 1,2..., n), the total emissions control should meet the following formula : If the emission of i pollution source is Qxi0 and Qxi1 before and after treatment, the cut amount of i pollution source is. If the treatment expenses of the i pollution source is Cxi, the objective function of regional optimization costs should be:

15. 18.5.2 Comprehensive treatment of urban environment (1)The principle of comprehensive treatment of urban environment (2) The main task of comprehensive treatment of urban environment  Set a comprehensive treatment goal  Draw up the comprehensive treatment program correctly  Reform environmental management system (3) The quantitative estimation of comprehensive treatment of urban environment (4)The result of comprehensive treatment of urban environment

16. 18.5.3 Eco-efficiency management (1)Environment management efficiency and environment benefit  The implementation of benefit is based on efficiency  The efficiency of environmental management is equal to environmental benefit/the cost of environmental management (2) methods to improve the efficiency of environmental management (3)Government's role in implementation of Eco-efficiency environment management (4) Reduce the gap of policy between individual and social  Economic method to promote factory or community to save energy and raw material  Special effect can also supply a new implement to eco-efficiency management

17. 18.5.4 Informatization in urban environmental management Table 18-2 The main indicators of city-level environmental infomationization construction in Tenth Five- Year Plan. Main taskDetail indicators Establish and improve the system of national environment information network 80% municipal Environmental Protection Bureau and some good county level Environmental Protection Bureau join the national environment information network system, to achieve interconnection and exchanging information Information construction of government and business 80% municipal Environmental Protection Bureau and some good county level Environmental Protection Bureau implementate Office Automation and carry out daily management by network of computer. The construction of information resource 50% municipal environmental protection bureau manage and share the environment information through resource platform Environmental Information Services More than 70% municipal Environmental Protection Bureau start to use Internet site, and meanwhile, provide environmental information service to the public through other variety methods. Personnel’s competency and computer skills 60% environmental management staff in municipal environmental protection bureau can use computer to work after trained. 90% municipal Environmental Protection Bureaus establish the environment information agencies and teams,forming the stable and reliable environment information management system and work ability.

18. Urban ecological sustainable development planning information integration system (EPIS) of Guangzhou The aim of EPIS:  Expression the results of planning and make people convenience to use it  Make management persons convenience to find and check the basic information  Establish regulation to data management and ecological construction management The function of EPIS system is as follows:  Date integration  Information query  Space analysis

19. 18.6 Case study 18.6.1 Urban environmental management system of Xiamen  The guiding ideology of environmental management. figure 18-6  Environmental management goals  Environmental management indicator  Environmental management organization. figure 18-7  Environmental management policy

20. Figure 18-6 Xiamen Gulanyu

21. Xiamen Environmental Protection Agency Ecological protection board Huli environmental protection sub-bureau Siming environmental protection sub-bureau Jimei environmental protection sub-bureau Haicang environmental protection sub-bureau Tongan environmental protection sub-bureau Xiangan environmental protection sub-bureau office Division of Personnel and Party Affairs Policy and regulation department Pollution control board Supervision and management board environment monitoring central stations preparation and construction office of industrial solid wastes management centre environmental supervision central stations management office of egret nature reserve in Lantau Island scientific research institute of environmental protection environment information centerEnvironmental propaganda and education center Figure 18-7The structure of Xiamen environmental protection agency