1. SOLAR / GREEN BUILDINGS : MINISTRY’S PROGRAMMES Dr. ASHVINI KUMAR Director Ministry of New and Renewable Energy NEW DELHI ashvinikr@nic.inashvinikr@nic.in ashvini_sec@yahoo.comashvini_sec@yahoo.com

2. Background  Buildings are major consumers of energy in their construction, operation and maintenance  About 50% of global energy demand is estimated to be due to buildings.  Energy requirements in buildings are further increasing in developing countries with rising economy.  In India, buildings accounts for 30-40% of total energy consumption.  ENERGY CONSCIOUS ARCHITECTURE addresses these issues.

3. Energy Conscious Architecture It includes the following Use of solar passive concepts including daylight features in building design and operation Use of solar passive concepts including daylight features in building design and operation Use of eco-friendly and less energy intensive building materials Use of eco-friendly and less energy intensive building materials Integration of renewable energy technologies Integration of renewable energy technologies Use of energy efficient appliances Use of energy efficient appliances Conservation of water/ waste water recycling/rain water harvesting Conservation of water/ waste water recycling/rain water harvesting Pioneering been done internationally and in India. However, lot more is required to be done to adopt energy conscious architecture on a widespread level in the country.

4. Energy Efficient Solar/ Green Buildings Designed to provide internal comfort with much less consumption of conventional fuel; results in savings of recurring and capital costs Design depends on direction & intensity of sun & wind, ambient temperature, humidity etc. Different designs for different climatic zones. Key features: Orientation, double glazed windows, window overhangs, thermal storage walls/ roof, roof painting, ventilation, evaporation, day lighting, construction material etc. Active solar thermal and photovoltaic systems can also be incorporated. Additional cost could be up to 10% with annual savings of energy up to 30 to 40%.

5. Climatic Zones ClimateMean monthly temp ( o C) Relative humidity (%) Hot and dry> 30< 55 Warm and humid> 30> 55 Moderate25 - 30< 75 Cold and cloudy< 25> 55 Cold and sunny< 25< 55 CompositeWhen six months or more do not fall within any of the above categories As per criteria of National Building Code, ‘Cold and cloudy’ and ‘Cold and sunny’ have been grouped together.

6. Climatic zones of India

7. Programmes of the Ministry The Ministry has been promoting solar passive buildings in the country for more than two decades through ◦Research and development activities ◦Demonstration of solar passive buildings ◦Supporting workshops, training programmes, orientation courses, etc. ◦Supporting to bring out technical literature Initial efforts (during mid-eighties) led to construction of solar passive buildings in three climatic zones of the country viz. Houses at IIT Delhi (Composite), Hostel at Jodhpur (Hot and dry), and Extension of a dispensary at Srinagar (Cold and cloudy).

8. Developments under Ministry’s R&D Projects  Development of tools for architecture design and simulation (TADSIM) for solar passive buildings (IIT Bombay).  A study on Energy Efficient Buildings in India (TERI)  A manual of Solar Passive Architecture (SEC and IIT Bombay)  Development of the course material on Solar Passive Architecture for inclusion in the curricula of Bachelor of Architecture (Council of Architects and IIT Delhi)

9. Developments under Ministry’s Projects  Production of a set of two CDs entitled “Knowledge Bank for Sustainable Buildings” and “Energy Efficient Buildings in India” (TERI)  Handbook on Energy Conscious Buildings (SEC and IIT Bombay)  Assessment study for energy supply of solar passive designed buildings in Himachal Pradesh (SEC and HPSCST&E)

10. National Rating System for Green Buildings Building rating systems becoming popular for promotion of green buildings. In India, US based LEED in operation. A National Rating System - GRIHA developed in association with TERI Applicable to AC/ non-AC & intermittent cooled buildings & suitable for different zones of the country Developed & modified through interactions with all stakeholders. Compatible with NBC 2005 & ECBC 2007 System to help in assessing predicted performance of buildings over their entire life cycle Operates on 100 point marking system. 43 points pertain to energy & waste management.

11. National Rating System for Green Buildings  Buildings to be star rated based on evaluation during pre-construction, building design and construction, and building O&M stages. Points scoredRating 50–60One star 61-70Two star 71-80Three star 81-90Four star 91-100 Five star

12. The main aim of the programme is promotion of solar/ green buildings It is a dynamic system taking cognizance of various feed backs from live projects through ◦ Technical Advisory Committee, which is formed to provide technical guidance on updation of GRIHA ◦ National Advisory Council, formed to advice and give directions to the National Rating System System is incentivized by the Ministry Commercial and institutional buildings including housing complexes with minimum built area of 2500 sq. m. are covered 5 million sq. m. of built area targeted during 11th Plan National Rating System for Green Buildings

13. National Rating System Benefits to Owners Reduced energy consumption without sacrificing the comfort levels Reduced destruction of natural areas, habitats, biodiversity & reduced soil loss from erosion Reduced air & water pollution with direct health benefits Reduced water consumption Limited waste generation due to recycling and reuse Increased productivity, enhanced image & marketability Projects need to be registered with GRIHA Secretariat.

14. Seed funding for GRIHA Secretariat 90% of the fee for projects rated 3-star having built up area up to 5000 sq. m. and for projects rated 4 star having built up area above 5000 sq. m. to be reimbursed by MNRE Registration-cum-rating fee is as follows: Financial Support from MNRE Project built up areaFee <= 5000 sq. m.Rs. 3,14,000 (Rs. 2,50,000 for registration + Rs 64,000 for evaluation) > 5000 sq. m.Rs. 3,14,000 (Fixed cost for projects upto 5000 sq. m.)+ Rs. 3.75 per sq. m. over and above 5000 sq. m. built area

15. Incentives to architects/ design consultants @ Rs. 2.50 lakh for projects upto 5000 sq. m. with minimum 3 star rating @ Rs. 5 lakh for projects > 5000 sq. m. with minimum 4 star rating For organizing workshops and seminars for engineers, planners, builders, architects, consultants, housing financing organizations and potential users For compilation/documentation of case studies and other related information about green buildings  Promotional activities – upto Rs. 2 lakh  Incentives to Urban Local Bodies /Awards  Financial support is also available for integration of solar water heating systems, roof top SPV systems, and other renewable energy systems. Financial Support from MNRE

16. Solar Water Heating Systems Soft loans @ 2% to domestic users 3% to institutions, and 5% to commercial users 30 banks operating the scheme. Capital subsidy equivalent to upfront interest subsidy @ Rs. 1750 per square meter of solar collector area for institutions & @ Rs. 1400 for commercial establishments. Release through SNAs. In specific cases through MCs. Direct release to Govt Deptts./ PSUs if installed for own use. Includes ESCO mode of implementation. For housing complexes @ Rs. 1900/ sq. m. of collector area

17. Participating Banks/FIs Public Sector Banks 1. Canara bank 2. Bank of Maharashtra 3. Union bank of India 4. Syndicate bank 5. Punjab & Sind bank 6. Punjab national bank 7. Andhra bank 8. Vijya bank 9. Dena bank 10. Bank of India 11. J & K Bank 12.Oriental Bank of Commerce NBFCs 13.IREDA 14. Nagarjuna Credits & Capital Ltd 15. SREI Infrastructure Finance Ltd 16. Bhonsale Leasing Finance Co. 17. Madhya Pradesh Financial Corp. Private Banks 18. Ratnagar bank Ltd 19. The United Western Bank Ltd. Rest are Co-operative banks

18.  May be installed in commercial establishments, institutions, government buildings, shopping malls, hotels, hospitals, industry and housing complexes etc.  These systems could either be grid connected or without grid connectivity  System capacity covered is 25 – 100 kWp. Smaller capacity systems (not less than 10 kWp) to be considered on case-by case basis  Financial support  @ Rs 100/ Wp, subject to maximum of 40% of the system cost to non-profit making organizations  @ Rs 75/ Wp, subject to maximum of 30% of the system cost to profit making organizations who can avail accelerated depriciation Roof top SPV Systems

19.  Saves 64% energy  Saves 82% water  Produces zero waste  Initial cost increases by 12%  10% saving in total cost  Environment & Earth Science Building, IIT Kanpur  Hitkarini college, Jabalpur  TCI Building, Haryana

20. Solar chimney TERI Retreat, Gurgaon BSBE building, IIT Kanpur ITC green center, Gurgaon CII excellence center, Bangalore

21. A Solar Housing Complex at Kolkata

22. Another View of a Single House