2. German School System1

3. 2 German School System: Basic Facts 1 schooling is provided and regulated by the federal states (16)—only coordinated by a commission (KMK) that brings together the „Länder“ ministries of education

4. German School System3 German School System: Basic Facts 2 generally, Germany has a three-tier system based on student talent and preference only graduates of upper tier, having passed their „Abitur“-exam (similar to GB A-levels), are allowed to enter university 12 years of mandatory schooling provided free of charge

5. German School System4 German School System: Basic Facts 3 compulsory schooling in existence since 1717 few resources, i.e. education important for Germany grading system from 1 (very good) to 6 (unsatisfactory) in „higher“ education (1 to 15 points) with 15 the best achievement and 5 the failing score after grade 10: separation in academic teaching institutions and vocationally-oriented teaching & training colleges

6. German School System5 Special Features… the school system in Germany is a little different than, e.g. its American counterpart: All children enter in the same program, but at the age of 10, they go to one of four types of schools. the “dual system” in the vocational sector Germany has relatively few private schools; they are rather expensive tertiary sector: private universities are still almost nonexistent (some prominent exceptions in the business realm…e.g. EBS, WHU)

7. German School System6 die Hochschule oder die Universität University (Higher tertiary Education) 13 Berufsakademien etc. Advanced Training die Sonderschule Specialist College das Gymnasium Grammar School (grades 11-13) 18+ 12 die Berufsschule Vocational Training Colleges 17 11 Technical Training 16 die Gesamtschule (or combined into a Comprehensive School/High School) 10 die Hauptschule Main School (grades 5-10) die Realschule Intermediate School (grades 5-10) das Gymnasium Grammar School (grades 5-10) 15 914 813 712 6 die Orientierungsstufe (grades 5-6 not yet tier-separated, only in some states) 11 510 4 Grundschule (common primary/elementary school - grades 1-4) 9 38 27 16 - Kindergarten oder die Vorschule (optional Kindergarten or pre-school) 5 -4 -3 German School System--Chart 19+

8. German School System7 Broad Educational Intentions… German school system puts a strong emphasis on making kids critical and thoughtful citizens via - frequent class discussions (communicative competencies) - a lot of group work (social competencies) -rote learning is less common (focus on critical thinking & problem- solving competencies)

9. German School System8 German classes are very similar to other European classes in the way they are taught some of the subjects differ to be studied: math, German, sciences, literature, music and arts, history and geography plus gym classes in grade 3 or soon 1, start of foreign language study--all students learn English in grades 5 and 7, students can take up additional languages such as French, Latin, Spanish or Russian

10. German School System9 Here you see what a class schedule at a typical German school might look like:

11. German School System10

12. German School System11 Differences US/Germany as perceived by exchange students: In the USA: - school starts at about 8:00 and finishes between 14:25 and 15:30 - eating, drinking and chewing gum during the lessons is forbidden - teachers have own rooms where different subject are taught - there are no "Klassenverbände" like in Germany, but there are different groups in each “class” - there is a lunch break which lasts about 30 minutes - one lesson lasts 90 minutes and more - normally, same timetable every day - for every subject there are about three tests every month - you can choose only one foreign language - from the 9th grade on students can choose their subjects on their own In Germany: - usually you're also not allowed to eat or drink during the lessons - every group of students has its own classroom (few room changes) - one lesson lasts 45 minutes; 5-minute breaks in between; after two lessons there is a longer break (about 15 minutes) - the students do not have the same lessons every day - in every major subject, there are about 8-12 tests a year - “minor” subjects require only about two tests a year - you can choose to study up to 4 languages (two are mandatory early on)

13. German School System12 German children have summer vacations : six weeks common for families to travel during vacation a two-week break in December and January, another two-week vacation at Easter and a further week off in fall children do not go to school on many religious and national holidays Usually, German students have 220 school days per year

14. German School System13 To be mentioned… German students are held to high academic standards and regularly face oral examinations still, the nation’s education is a far cry from the strict Prussian system of old school days starts at 8am and are generally over by 1pm schools tending not to offer anything much in the way of extracurricular activities—historically to be provided by clubs (Vereine) however, there is a host of school groups such as theatre, choirs etc.

15. German School System14 Trends… like almost every aspect of German social policy, the education system is facing a series of major changes background: demography, economic difficulties and, in particular, international performance tests (TIMSS, PISA etc.) PISA: showed that Germany’s educational standards have slipped in recent years i.e. sparking a major debate about the need for overhauling the country’s education system first consequences: introduction of educational standards & regular testing

16. German School System15 A word about teacher education & training… German teachers are expected to graduate with “Abitur“-level qualifications from grammar school Moreover, they have to study about five to six years (two major subjects as it is mandatory to teach at least two subjects in school) to the equivalent of a Master`s degree (1. Staatsexamen)—subject to change with the proposed introduction of Bachelor and Master- courses… Finally, teachers have to undergo a two-year teacher-training period (partly in school, partly in a teacher seminar) including many teaching observations in due course and a final “state examination“ (2. Staatsexamen) After that, they may be employed as civil servants (Beamte) by the federal states

17. German School System16 © StD Dr. Dipl.-Kfm., Dipl.-Hdl. Markus M. Böhner E-mail: markus.boehner@web.de  Thank you for your interest…