1. Researching your presentation

2. Vocabulary- Define these words Audience Analysis- Paraphrasing Interlibrary Loan- Ghost writer Database- Plagiarism Online Card Catalog Author Card Title Card Subject Card Table Of Contents Index

3. Your research plan Successful speeches require supporting information. That requires research! Where do you start? Library Internet Expert

4. Library Card catalog Online or paper-based Three kinds of cards Author card Title card Subject card

5. Library Information in books Table of contents Outlines the book for you. Index Tells you exactly where to find the information in the book.

6. Library Periodicals Journals, magazines, newspapers Ask librarian to help you find a database. Articles are a good source. Make sure they are reputable periodicals.

7. Library Almanacs A lot of random information. Atlases Maps and graphic information. Use for visual presentation. Biographies Encyclopedias Quotation collections

8. Internet Googling your subject is a good way to start. Remember anyone can publish anything on the Internet. Make sure you go to a reputable site. Cnn.com, Chron.com, NYTimes.com

9. Expert Can save time. Give you more refined information. Can suggest the best sources. Can give you great quotes.

10. What to do with your research Take notes Record more than you think is necessary. It is much harder to go back and get more info. Organize them into specific categories. Write on note cards. Make sure to note where you go the information.

11. Taking Notes 1. Many different reasons to take notes Taking notes forces you to listen carefully and test your understanding When reviewing, notes tell you what is important Personal notes are usually easier to remember than the text Writing down of important information helps you to remember the information

12. Taking Notes (continued) Instructors usually give clues to what is important: Material written on a board or on a PowerPoint Repetition Emphasis Tone of voice or gestures Amount of time instructor spends on something Word signals (There are TWO points of view… The THIRD reason…) Summaries at end of class Reviews at beginning of class

13. Taking Notes Develop your own way to take notes: Make notes brief Use a phrase (or short word) instead of a full sentence Use abbreviations or symbols, but be consistent Put notes in your own words (easier for you to understand later) Put these in exact words: Formulas, Definitions, Specific Facts. Outline form/Numbering system (Helps distinguish from major and minor points) If you miss a section, write key words, skip a few spaces and get the information later Leave room for coordinating your notes with the text Leave room for Key Terms and definitions Date your notes. Number the pages

14. No notes at all= 59% retention Fragmented Notes= 59% If you take notes, review, and revise= 90-100% If you organize your ideas and synthesize the information through frequent review, you retain much more information. Note Taking & Retention

15. Objective Question Keep it Flexible!

16. 1. Record. record in the main column as many meaningful facts and ideas as you can. 2. Reduce. As soon after as possible, summarize these ideas and facts concisely in the Recall Column. 3. Recite. 4. Reflect. 5. Review. If you will spend 10 minutes every week or so in a quick review of these notes, you will retain most of what you have learned. The 5 R’s= Studying Success

17. What to do with your research Quoting material Plagiarism Copying or imitation the language, ideas or thoughts of another and passing them off as your original work. Paraphrasing Rewording an original passage Still have to attribute the information to the person or place you got the information.

18. Attribution Tell where you got your information. According to the Web site Cnn.com… Author James Patterson said… THIS IS A MUST OR IT IS CONSIDERED PLAGARISM!!!!!

19. Organizing your speech

20. Vocabulary- Define! Introduction- Subordination Quotation- Main Heading Narrative- Supporting Materials Link- Transition Thesis Statement- Chronological Pattern Preview Statement - Climactic Pattern Body- Spatial Pattern Outline- Cause-Effect Pattern Purpose Statement- Problem Solving Pattern

21. The Introduction This is how you start your speech. Does four things Gets the audience’s attention. Provides a clear link from your attention-getter to your speech topic. Gives your specific thesis statement. Presents a preview of the major areas that will be discussed.

22. The Introduction DO NOT start your speech by saying. “Hi. I’m going to tell you about…” You DO start your speech with an attention getter. The first words out of your mouth grab the audiences attention. There are 5 of them…you only use one.

23. The Introduction – attention getters Asking question Best and easiest to use “How many of you know who Theodore Geisel is?” Making a reference Refer to specific people in the audience, your physical surroundings, etc… “I think this classroom needs a little something. Don’t you. Why don’t we try to liven it up a little.”

24. The Introduction – attention getters Make a startling statement Jolts your audience into paying attention. “You have brains in your head. You have feet in your shoes. You can steer yourself any direction you choose. You're on your own. And you know what you know. And YOU are the guy who'll decide where to go.”

25. The Introduction – attention getters Giving a quotation When you repeat the exact words someone else said, it gives you credibility. Dr. Seuss once said, “I like nonsense, it wakes up the brain cells. Fantasy is a necessary ingredient in living, It's a way of looking at life through the wrong end of a telescope. Which is what I do, And that enables you to laugh at life's realities.”

26. The Introduction – attention getters Telling a story A narrative or anecdote. “I don’t think there has ever been a Christmas when I haven’t stopped what I was doing to watch “How the Grinch Stole Christmas.” That is my favorite movie, and although the new one with Jim Carrey is good, there will never be one like the original.”

27. The Introduction Thesis statement Tells the audience exactly what you will be speaking about. It clarifies the overall goal of the speech. “Today, I will inform you about…” “My goal is to explain…” I would like to share with you…”

28. The Introduction Preview Statement One sentence at the end of the introduction that gives the audience an overview of the subtopics you will be discussing in the body of the speech. “Dr. Seuss is a brilliant man because of his political views, his writing and his art.”

29. Introduction assignment Attention Getter 5 types: Asking a question Making a reference Startling Statement Quote Story/Anecdote Link Thesis Statement Preview Statement

30. The Body It is written in an outline form. An outline is the speaker’s road map. You do not write everything you are saying in your speech. You don’t write in complete sentences.

31. The Body (outline) Has at least three subtopics with supporting material and details. I. Subtopic #1 A. Supporting material 1. Detail 2. Detail B. Supporting material 1. Detail 2. Detail

32. The Body (outline) Subtopics Match the items listed in your preview statement. “Dr. Seuss is a brilliant man because of his political views, his writing and his art.” Most important things you will be taking about. Shown with Roman numerals I. Political views II. His writing III. His art

33. The Body (outline) Supporting material Information you have gathered to reinforce the subtopics. Shown with uppercase alphabet I. His political views A. Political cartoonist B. His books

34. The Body )outline) Details Provide information that breaks down the subtopic even more One step deeper into the information. I. His political views A. Political cartoonist 1. Called attention to the early days of the Holocaust 2. Denounced discrimination of Jews and African Americans. B. His books 1. “The Sneeches” was a book about racial equality. 2. “The Lorax” was about environmentalism and anti-consumerism.

35. The Conclusion The way to signify the speech is finished. Restate your preview statement. Remind the audience of your subtopics. Summarize – repeat your thesis Leave a lasting impression. This should relate back to your attention getter.

36. The Conclusion I have told you about Dr. Suess’ political views, his writing and his art. I hope that you have learned a little more about Theodore Geisel…the man we call Dr. Seuss. And as the great man once said, “Don’t cry because it’s over. Smile because it happened.”

37. Effective Language

38. Vocabulary- Define Concrete Words- Hyperbole Abstract Words- Understatement Denotation- Personification Connotation- Euphemism Imagery- Repetition Metaphor - Alliteration Simile - Assonance Allusion- Consonance Antithesis- Parallelism Oxymoron- Jargon Irony- Slang

39. Spoken vs. Written Words Concrete- baseball, radio. Abstract- sports, car, transportation, entertainment. Denotation- basic definition. Connotation- mother (love, family) Economy of Language- Simple and to the point.

40. Word Pictures, Figures of Speech Comparison imagery- Marriage is like a plant. The more you water (or work at it), the more it grows. Metaphors NO like, as) and Similes (like, as) Allusion-well known person, place or thing. (friend acting MJ) Contrast imagery- “Ask not what your country can do for you: Ask what you can do for your country.” -JFK

41. Word Pictures cont….. Antithesis- young or old, rich or poor Oxymoron- Dry ice!!! Irony- Going bad---Tremendous day! Exaggeration imagery Hyperbole- Laughed my head off! Understatement- MJ can jump a little. Personification- Sweet spot of the racket.

42. Making music with words. Alliteration- Wavy waves whacked the ship! Assonance- may, able, make—long vowel sounds. Consonance- I love to leap in the air and land in the lake– consonants! Parallel Structure- of the people, by the people and for the people!

43. Language to Avoid Jargon- Doctor talk, Lawyer talk! Slang- “What up cuz!””Swag” Sexist Language- Housewives vs. Homemaker! Shocking or Obscene Language- “Hello morons!” ---- cuss words!

44. Chapter 14 Effective Delivery

45. Vocabulary Delivery Manuscript Method Memorized Method Extemporaneous Method Impromptu Method Vocalized Pause Phonation Oral Cavity

46. Types of Delivery Manuscript Method- Word for word! Memorized Method- No notes/ paper. Extemporaneous Method- OUTLINE!! We will be using this one most of the time!!!! Impromptu Method- Not rehearsed. Off the cuff!

47. Using your Voice Use your power source baby!!!! Oral cavity, nasal cavity, pharynx, larynx, trachea, right and left bronchus, lungs, alveoli, bronchiole and diaphragm. Rate- Speed—120 to 180 words per minute. Pitch-highs and lows Volume- loudness or softness Articulation- crispness of syllables! Pronunciation- saying words correctly.

48. Using Your Body Platform Movement- moving with purpose for the audience! Gestures- natural!!! 1. Gesture Zone—TV Box 2. “Lift and Lay” your hands- flyaway, judo- chop and penguin wave! 3. “String” Idea- body moves together!

49. Using Your Face The Eyes- Look at each person. Don’t stare down. Look at the sides and front to back. Look at people, not things. Audience feedback- they will tell you everything. Overall Delivery- voice, body and face!