1. Enter Stephen Douglas Congressman who based his politics on expansion and popular sovereignty Popular sovereignty He opposes expansion of slavery but he does not admit that it is evil Douglas argues that slavery cannot expand in the southwest (climate)

2. Kansas Nebraska Act (1854) Douglas desires a railroad through Nebraska Territory but southern congressmen are against it Southerners want the railroad in the south to benefit them A railroad in the north would not benefit the south but the north and Douglas

3. Kansas Nebraska Act (1854)

4. To pass his idea Douglas divides the Nebraska Territory into Nebraska and Kansas He also repeals the Missouri Compromise of 1820 ban on keeping slavery below the 36 30’ line Popular sovereignty will decide if states will be either slave or free

5. The Rise of the “Know- Nothings” Come from all parts of the nation They are anti- immigrant, anti- catholic, dislike Blacks, and support slavery

6. The Republican Party All members are located from the north They want to keep slavery from expanding into near the west They fear slavery will replace free white labor because slaves are not paid

7. Bleeding Kansas, 1855 Voters will decide if Kansas will be a free or slave state Abolitionists and proslavery supporters rush to occupy Kansas Proslavery supporters elect a proslavery legislature in Lecompton

8. Bleeding Kansas, 1855 Abolitionists elect their own anti-slavery legislature in Topeka Angered abolitionist John Brown and his sons will hack 5 proslavery men in front of their families at Pottawattomie Creek Kansas

9. Bleeding Kansas

10. Brooks Sumner Incident Senator Charles Sumner demands that Kansas be a free state and personally insulted Stephen Douglas and South Carolinian Senator on the floor of the capital Congressman Preston Brooks beats Sumner with his cane for the insult leveled at his uncle

11. Brooks Sumner Incident After the beating Brooks receives hundreds of canes so he may bash northerners again Preston Brooks becomes a southern national hero Northerners are shocked and have evidence of southern brutality