1. An overview of United Europe

2. One Europe? The European Union and the Council of Europe Origins of integration EU powers and achievements The issue of European governance

3. One Europe? The European Union and the Council of Europe Origins Evolution Interactions

4. Origins COE: 1949 – 10 members - Intergovernmental Goal: art. 1 of the statute of the organization Closer Union, protect & promote principles they have in common, foster their economic and social progress. = actions in all fields are possible except defense & military issues EU: 1951 (ECSC), 1957 (EEC)- 6 members - Supranationalism Goal: a common market

5. Evolution COE: The « big » Europe (47 members) Human rights protection (ECHR) More than 200 conventions promoting human rights, democracy and the rule of law, in all fields (namely social rights, protection of women –migrant rights, languages, education, fight against terrorism). Ex : Convention on preventing and combating violence against women and domestic violence, may 2011 EEC -> the EC & EU (1992) -> the EU (2009) 27 members (the « small » Europe) Common market (goods, services) & other common policie(agriculture, employment & social affairs, consumer protection, environment, justice freedom & security, public health…) Human rights & European Citizenship Foreign & security policy

6. EU member states 1951 FranceFrance Germany Italy Belgium Netherlands LuxembourgGermanyItalyBelgiumNetherlandsLuxembourg 1973 United KingdomUnited Kingdom Ireland DenmarkIrelandDenmark 1981 Greece 1986 SpainSpain PortugalPortugal 1995 AustriaAustria Sweden FinlandSwedenFinland 2004 Czech RepublicCzech Republic Slovakia Hungary Poland SloveniaSlovakiaHungaryPolandSlovenia EstoniaEstonia Latvia LithuaniaLatviaLithuania CyprusCyprus MaltaMalta 2007 RomaniaRomania BulgariaBulgaria

7. Interactions Institutional cooperation System of information between the 2 organisations Coordination of actions Ex : Human rights (relationships between European courts, accession of the EU to the ECHR - currently taking place) Substantive interactions in various fields EX : Fighting terrorism, the Roma community and the fight against racism…

8. Origins of integration Post-war concerns: political & economic WWI: Society of Nations 1919 1920’s: Pan-European movement WWII: European integration needed Churchill, 1946, Zurich University: « a kind of United-States of Europe »

9. Economic situation post WWII See Marshall speech (Harvard,1947) & plan European economic structures have collapsed 1948: OEEC (OECD since 1960) Need for cooperation for reconstruction

10. Political situation post WWII Germany disarmament & the cold war threat Issue of remilitarization of Germany to resist the Soviet Union expansionism A European system of protection of fundamental values to avoid human rights violations is needed

11. EU powers and achievements Progressive development of EU powers: Idea of neo-functionalism (Haas, 1958) Spill-over movement Intergovernmentalism: extension of powers through the revision of treaties (1986, 1992, 1997, 2001, 2007) Judicial activism: principles of EU federalism, market rights’ extension

12. The issue of European governance Challenges for EU institutions Enlargement Increasing powers External policy  Recent reforms Need for new methods? Democracy / Transparency Interaction with citizens Soft law v. hard law ? Bottom up v. top down ? See: White paper of the European Commission on European Governance (2001)