1. Participants should expect to understand: Concept of M&E Importance of gender in M&E Different steps in the M&E process Integrating gender into program/project monitoring and evaluation 1 Expected Learning Objectives KEY POINTS OF MODULE 4 Gender &Development Gender & Development Module 4: Monitoring and Evaluation of Gender Dimensions

2. M&E: What Is It? MONITORINGMONITORING is a continuous internal management activity to ensure that project/program implementations, and ongoing operation, are on track. EVALUATIONEVALUATION is an internal or external activity to assess whether a project or program is achieving its intended objectives. 2

3. Why Is M&E Important for a Project or a Program? To improve a program or project under implementation To understand the results of a program/project 3

4. Why Is Gender Important for M&E? Females and males have different development priorities, needs and constraints, and are therefore affected differently by development projects, programs, and policies Timely and systematic collection of sex- disaggregated and gender information helps to inform managers and other stakeholders whether the intervention is benefiting both males and females Such information allows for appropriate refining of project design to improve overall development effectiveness, when an adverse impact on either sex is identified 4

5. Designing the M&E Framework Understand program logic; Define clear goals and objectives; Formulate relevant evaluation questions; Define relevant indicators/related measures; identify and set benchmarks/standards; Determine data collection strategy; Analyze data; and Prepare report. 5

6. 6 Decide to Evaluate Develop a Program Description and Program Logic Model Identify Performance Measures Source: Bureau of Justice Assistance Evaluation Web Site Develop a Monitoring System Design a Process Evaluation Design an Impact Evaluation Collect and Analyze Data Report and Use Results Major Steps in Program Evaluation

7. Program Logic Inputs –Resources Activities –Processes that convert inputs into outputs Outputs –Units of goods, works, or services that have been generated from the activities Outcomes –Immediate benefits to participants Impacts –Long-term benefits 7

8. Integrating Gender into the Program Logic 8

9. Identify Clear Goals/Objectives SSpecific MMeasurable AAchievable RRelevant TTime-bound 9

10. Determining Questions Understand the desired outcome(s) Select and prioritize outcomes most likely to lead to desired objectives Determine which outcomes can be monitored systematically Translate the desired objective into evaluation questions 10

11. Types of Questions Descriptive –Describe “what is” aspects of a process a condition a set of values Normative –Compare “what is” with “what should be” Outcome/Impact –Determine what difference the intervention makes 11

12. A Good Question Must be sensitive to the: –Main need that the intervention is attempting to address –Likely users of the evaluation study and what they are most interested in –Relative importance of each of the possible questions –Relative ease, resource requirements and data availability for answering the possible questions 12

13. Evaluation Questions To what extent did the intervention help to reduce gender disparities in the health and education sectors? To what extent did the intervention increase the participation of women in economic activities? To what extent did the intervention influence institutional changes that support the advancement of women? 13

14. Indicators indicatorAn indicator “indicates” the level or extent of some phenomenon of interest (for example, body temperature). If ‘good health’ is an objective, then ‘body temperature’ is an ‘indicator’ of good health. 14

15. Types of Indicators OperationalOperational indicators measure inputs and outputs ProcessProcess indicators measure the effectiveness or efficiency of processes PerformancePerformance indicators measure outcome and impact (QualitativeQuantitative)(Qualitative or Quantitative) 15

16. Gender Indicators What is a sex-disaggregated indicator? A signal that helps measure change for men and women separately. What is a gender indicator? A signal that helps to measure gender-related changes. [Adapted from a “Definition of indicator: UNDP Programming Manual – UNDP Learning and Information Pack”] 16

17. Good Indicators ClearClear RelevantRelevant EconomicEconomic AdequateAdequate Measurable (and replicable)Measurable (and replicable) 17

18. Data Collection Methods QuantitativeQuantitative methods –Structured data collection methods (household surveys, national income surveys, etc.) QualitativeQualitative methods –In-depth interviews, observational methods, document review, participatory assessments BlendBlend of the two 18

19. Data Sources Statistical data bases Sectoral ministry data bases Local government records Project management records 19

20. Analyzing Data from a Gender Perspective Were gender issues addressed in project selection and design? Were women consulted? Are the inputs and activities adequate to meet the needs and priorities of both men and women? Is there a need for different outputs to meet the needs and priorities of both men and women? Does the program cause outcomes that have differential results for men and women? Is there a differential impact on men and women? Are gender-sensitive benefits and services sustainable? 20

21. Analyzing Projects from a Gender Perspective 21

22. Challenges of M&E Assumed “gender neutrality” of M&E framework Inadequate planning during project design increases costs Lack of capacity of M&E unit directors and other technical staff Female participants may not be able to express themselves freely because they are often under-represented in evaluation and interview teams 22