1. Agriculture and Food Production Chapter 8 Review

2. Modern Food Systems Hunter-gatherer Pastoralism Horticulture/Gardening Subsistence Agriculture Commercial/Industrializ ed Agriculture

3. Agriculture’s Eco-footprint Environmental Issues Agriculture accounts for a large portion of global greenhouse gas emissions. Deforestation (soy/corn/meat) Chemical Pollution Soil Degradation Loss of biodiversity

4. Consumption and Food Security Inequalities in production and distribution have resulted in widespread malnutrition and overconsumption. Source: www.nextgenerationfood.com

5. Lecture Overview Vertical Integration and Commodity Chains Industrial Agriculture Delocalization and Seasonality

6. Quinoa -Often referred to as the “mother grain” -A pillar of the Incan food system

7. Delocalization

8. Domestication Hearths

9. Commodification

10. Agricultural Commodities Vertical integration Source: www.emeraldinsight.com

11. Quinoa Subsistence Agriculture is a system in which agriculturists consume all they produce. Commercial agriculture is a system in which farmers produce crops and animals primarily for sale rather than for direct consumption. (page 299)

12. Monocropping - Chemical farming involves increased fertilizer and pesticide use.

13. Beef

14. Masai Pastoralism involves the breeding and herding of animals to satisfy the human needs for food, shelter, and clothing. The Masai have a local and seasonal diet of blood and milk.

15. Energy Efficiency -Energy is lost along the food chain -Industrialized agriculture disrupts the energy balance. Source: www.tutorvista.com

16. The Sacred Cow Many food stressed communities in rural India refrain from eating cows but use the milk for sustenance, and the dung for heating and cooking.

17. Concentrated Animal Feeding Operations (CAFO) CAFOs use large quantities of antibiotics and growth hormones.

18. Waste Lagoons Intensive agriculture contributes significantly to water pollution, Greenhouse Gas Emissions (carbon dioxide and methane), and climate change.

19. The True Cost Of Food

20. Seasonality and Delocalization Peaches are grown in developing nations year round and exported to developed nations. Globalization and modern agriculture techniques allow for a commercial food system with very little seasonality.

21. Solutions? Urban Agriculture Genetically Modified Organisms Intensive Irrigation Organic Farming Local Diets Dietary Changes

22. Thank You