1. Food and Agriculture
Chapter 15

2. Feeding the World Objectives Identify the major causes of malnutrition
Compare the environmental costs of producing different types of food
Explain how food distribution problems and drought can lead to famine
Explain the importance of the green revolution

3. 15-1Feeding the World More food needed because of population growth
Some agricultural practices have led to environmental damage

4. We eat food to get the energy to run our body processes
Humans and Nutrition
We eat food to get the energy to run our body processes
Malnutrition results when the body does not get enough of these nutrients (calories)

6. A healthy diet is one that has a balance of all nutrients
Sources of Nutrition
A healthy diet is one that has a balance of all nutrients
People in developed countries tend to eat diets high in proteins and fats

9. As populations grow we need more land to grow crops
The Ecology of Food
As populations grow we need more land to grow crops
Forests cut down

10. Different types of agriculture have different impacts of the environment and levels of efficiency

11. The efficiency of the amount of food produced per given area
Ideally you want practices the produce the most crop but least impact

12. Scientists research and produce plants with higher yield
More energy, water, and land are used to produce a Calorie of food from animals than from plants

13. World Food Problems
Most people are malnourished because they don’t get enough food
Food is distributed unevenly
Droughts and famine

14. Malnurished citizens of Bangladesh

15. The Green Revolution
World wide crop yield have increased because of the use of new varieties and the application of modern agricultural techniques

16. Green Revolution

17. Negative impacts
Crops often need a lot of water, fertilizer, and pesticides
Hurts subsistence farmers

18. Subsistence Farming vs. the Green Revolution

19. Crops and Soil Objectives
Distinguish between traditional and modern agricultural techniques
Describe fertile soil
Describe the need for soil conservation
Explain the benefits and impacts of pesticide use
Describe what is involved in integrated pest management
Explain how genetic engineering is involved in agriculture

20. The Earth has a limited area of arable land
Can this land support the billions of people on our planet??

21. Agriculture: Tradition and Modern
The basic process of farming includes plowing, fertilization, irrigation, and pest control
Most of this work is done by machines in industrialized countries

22. Fertile Soil: The living Earth
Soil that can support the growth of healthy plants is fertile
Plant roots grow in topsoil (surface layer of soil)

23. Most soil is formed due to weathering
Composed of living organisms, rock particles, water, air and organic matter
Most soil is formed due to weathering

25. Soil porfile

26. Erosion is a global problem
Plants need topsoil to grow
Erosion is the weathering of rock or soil
River erosion
Dust Bowl

27. Land degradation
caused by humans and natural processes change land so it can no longer support the local ecosystem

28. Desertification – land becomes more desert-like

29. Soil conservation
helps reduce erosion and protects soil
Terracing
Contour plowing
No-till farming

31. Enriching the Soil
Traditionally soil was enriched using mostly inorganic material
Now inorganics are used
Can hurt waterways
Composing helps return nutrients to the soil

32. Happens naturally and unnaturally (irrigation)
Salinization
Accumulation of salt (salinization) can also damage soil and prevent crops from growing
Happens naturally and unnaturally (irrigation)

33. 13% of all crops grown in N. America are eaten by insects
Pest Control
13% of all crops grown in N. America are eaten by insects
33% worldwide

34. Farmers use pesticides to protect crops but problems can develop
Harms beneficial plants, insects, wildlife, and people
Pesticide resistance
Lingers in the environment

35. Biological Pest control
Use of other organisms to control pests
Breed plants to be more resistant
Disrupting insect breeding

36. Integrated Pest Management
Reduce pest damage to a level that causes minimal economic damage

37. Engineering a Better Crop
Use of genetic engineering to produce more desirable traits

38. Takes genes from one organism and puts in another
Genetically modified plants are a result
May have an environmental impact

39. Sustainable Agriculture
Farming that conserves natural resources and helps keep the land productive indefinitely

40. Animals and Agriculture
Explain how overharvesting affects the supply of aquatic organisms for food
Describe the current role of aquiculture in providing seafood
Describe the importance of livestock in provide food and other products

41. We need animal products in our diet
We have domesticated over 50 animals species
Chickens, sheep, cattle, bees, fish, goats, pigs, etc.

42. Food from Water
Fish is an important industry world wide
20% of animal protein
We have over harvested some fishing areas
Led do complete depletion of some species

43. aquiculture
Governments began setting limits
Aquaculture helps increase number of fish harvested
Can cause environmental problems

45. Livestock
Chicken, cattle, sheep, pigs, goats, etc.
Large farms produce most of the food we produce
Use in farming in developing nations

46. Manure is used for fertilizer
Are we treating these animals humanely
World wide our meat consumption has increased