1. Social Institutions The Government Politics And Authority Politics And Power The Economy Capitalism And Socialism Ideal Types Of Political-Economic Systems The Media Functions Of Mass Media Gatekeeping An Organized and Established Social System That Meets One Or More Of A Society’s Basic Needs

2. What Societies Need To Survive Replace Its Members : Replace Its Members : Groups do this through procreation, conversion, or immigration Teach New Recruits : Teach New Recruits : Groups do this through education, indoctrination, or informal interaction. Produce/Distribute Goods : Produce/Distribute Goods : Groups must satisfy members’ needs or face discontent and disorder. Preserve Order: Preserve Order: Groups protect their members from both internal and external threats. Provide A Sense Of Purpose: Provide A Sense Of Purpose: Groups help members understand their value to the society, providing motivation for them to continue as members of it..

3. Function Of Major Institutions Politics : Politics : Maintains law and order, passes legislation, and forms military groups for internal/external defense. The Economy : The Economy : Organizes a society’s development, production, distribution, and consumption of goods and services. Media : Media : Enables and influences communication between individuals and group, socializes members and enforces social norms, promotes consumption of goods and services

4. Politics And Authority Max Weber Power is the ability to achieve your will even against the resistance of others. Authority is power which followers consider legitimate Traditional Rational-Legal Charismatic Government Government: The organization that exercises authority and steers decision-making in a specific community. It holds a monopoly on the legitimate use of force against what it perceives as external and internal threats to its territory. Monarchies Monarchies – headed by a single person who inherits the position Traditional/Absolute: leaders control unconditional power Constitutional: leaders have a mostly symbolic role Dictatorships Dictatorships – headed by self-appointed leaders Oligarchies – headed by a small group of “elite” individuals Democracies Democracies – headed by leaders selected through elections Direct democracy: citizens directly vote their will Representative democracy: citizens elect delegates who “vote their will” V OTER T URNOUT I N R ECENT F EDERAL E LECTIONS LegislativePresidential United States (2010)42%United States (2008)70% Cuba (2008)97%France (2012)80% Germany (2009)71% Russia (2012)69% United Kingdom (2010)66%Mexico (2012)63%

5. Politics And Power Pluralist (R Dahl) Political power is fragmented among many competing groups constantly negotiating to get their way. Power Elites (C Mills) Political power is concentrated in the hands of a small dominant group of business, government, and military leaders. Class Domination (W Domhoff) Political power is concentrated in the hands of the rich who own or control a large share of the nation’s economic resources Corporate Community Social Upper Class Policy Planning Network LobbyistsLegislators Local Leader Local LeadersLobbyistsLegislators Unorganized, Exploited Masses

6. Politics And Economics C APITALISM Economic system that emphasizes private ownership of the means of production. Incentive? Personal Profit S OCIALISM Economic system that emphasizes public ownership of the means of production. Incentive? Public Good Capitalist Democracy political liberty, private ownership, some state intervention in economy United States Authoritarian Capitalism few political liberties, private ownership, some state-run enterprises China Democratic Socialism political liberty, public ownership, high state intervention in economy Norway State Socialism few political liberties, largely centralized state- run economy North Korea C APITALISM S OCIALISM D EMOCRATIC A UTHORITARIAN

7. The Functions Of Mass Media Agent Of Socialization Enforcer of Social Norms Conferral of Status Promotion of Consumption “Narcotizing Dysfunction” Providing so much coverage that we become numb and fail to act on the information

8. Gatekeeping