1. University of Minnesota Department of Art Health and Safety in the Arts Hazardous Communications Training

2. Laws and Regulations Universities and colleges are required to comply with all applicable safety and environmental requirements and regulations like all other industries in the US. OSHA standards deal with work place safety. EPA standards deal with environmental protection. Institutions, instructors and individuals can be held liable for infractions of any laws set by these governmental or state organizations.

3. Safety Chain of Command The University of Minnesota department of environmental health and safety sets the protocol for health and safety policy on campus. It also maintains and enforces all OSHA and EPA policies with the help of department RSOs. Department of Environmental Health and Safety Department of Art Research Safety Officer Instructors, Staff, Teaching Assistants

4. Responsibility of a Research Safety Officer Serve as a liaison between the Art Department and the Department of Environmental Health and Safety (DEHS). Consult with administrators and faculty regarding safety protocols for specific procedures. Assist in assessing new safety and health hazards in consultation with the DEHS. Arrange general department training sessions for faculty, students and staff, assure training records are being kept. Carry out routine inspections of studios. Receive reports of malfunctioning equipment and facilitate laboratory and field maintenance and repair activities. Assure safety equipment is in place and is operative.

5. Responsibility of a Research Safety Officer Shut down imminent hazard situations within the department in consultation with DEHS and the department head. Know current legal requirements regarding regulated substances. Modify the U of M generic chemical hygiene plan (CHP) to fit the Art Department. Perform annual evaluation and review of tailored CHP. Revise as necessary and submit initial and subsequent modifications for approval to DEHS. Work with department administrators, faculty and staff to implement the tailored CHP. Review accident investigation reports.

6. Responsibility of Students, Faculty and Staff Identify potential studio and work hazards. Identify toxins and their routes of entry into the body. Understand the properties and safe use of art materials and there proper disposal. Understand the safe operating procedures on equipment used and activities performed in your area. Make safety an ongoing thought in all of your activities.

7. Who are the Department’s RSO’s? Jim Gubernick Office E135 guber001@umn.edu guber001@umn.edu Mark Knierim Office E135 knier001@umn.edu knier001@umn.edu Paul Linden Office W112 linde078@umn.edu linde078@umn.edu

8. Important Toxicological Terms Acute: Has an immediate, serious and severe toxic effect on the body. Chronic: Long term effect on the body which shows up years after the first exposure. Some material may have a chronic effect after one exposure while others may need repeated exposure. Dose: The quantity of a substance which is absorbed by the body at one time. Volatile organic compound (VOC): Are emitted as gases from certain solids or liquids. Total body burden: The total amount of chemicals present in the body from single or multiple sources. Cumulative toxins: Cannot be eliminated from the body. Repeated exposures to these substances cause accumulation in the body which can lead to chronic health issues.

9. Important Toxicological Terms Non-cumulative toxins: A toxic substance that the body can eliminate from itself like solvents. Although these toxins can be flushed from the body, the damage they cause may be permanent and accumulate over time. Multiple exposure / synergistic: When exposed to several different materials at once they may act in concert to compound a potentially negative effect on the body. This can happen through a single exposure or multiple exposures at varying levels over time. Endocrine disrupters: Chemicals which interfere with the normal operation of the bodies endocrine system which controls the immune system and hormones that regulates the body’s chemistry. Sensitizers: Can cause allergies and hypersensitivity to materials.

10. Important Toxicological Terms Toxins affecting cell replication: Carcinogens: Cause the cells of the body to grow out of control causing great damage to the body and/or death. These substances should be avoided at any dose. It takes years for effects to appear. Mutagens: Chemicals that alter the DNA of a cell. Mutated cells may be inherited through genetic lines if the mutation affects sperm or egg cells. Most other mutated cells die. Some known and probable mutagens: benzene, chromium, selenium, styrene, phenol and formaldehyde. Teratogens (developmental & reproductive toxins): Affect fetal development. Some know teratogens include alcohol, solvents, cadmium and lead.

11. Important Toxicological Terms Exposure limits: LD50 / Lethal dose 50: A single dose of a substance that causes death of 50% of an animal population when exposed to the material by any route of other than inhalation. LC50 / Lethal concentration 50: The concentration of a material in the air that is expected to kill 50% of a test group of animals when exposed to a single respiratory exposure in a specific time period. TLV / Threshold limit value: An airborne concentration of a substance to which nearly all workers in good health can be exposed without adverse effect. TLV-C / Threshold limit value ceiling: The ceiling value limit which should never exceeded.

12. How Substances Damage the Body Localized toxic effect: Affects a specific part of the body. May be as mild as skin irritation or severe as a chemical burn from a strong acid. Systemic toxic effect : Impacts the entire body or organ systems such as respiratory, circulatory or nervous. Simple cut Cancer cells

13. Routes of Entry for Toxins into the Body Inhalation: Direct damage can be caused from breathing mist, vapors and gases. These types of exposures can happen while working with various materials like aerosol paints, spray fixers and solvents. Activities in which fumes and smoke occur are another source of potential exposer to acute damage to the lungs. Particulates: very fine particulates inhaled can become seated in the lungs causing scaring to occur which can inhibit one’s ability to breath. In addition to scaring these particulates can form benign and cancerous tumors. Ingestion: can occur through smoking, eating or drinking while working with materials in the studio.

14. Routes of Entry for Toxins into the Body Injection : accidental piercing of the skin with a tool or implement which may contain or have a toxic substance on it. Skin Contact: toxins can enter the body through regular skin contact. Absorption will be hastened if irritation, cuts and abrasions are on the skin at the contact area. If direct damage to the skin occurs from an incident like a burn or cut, there is potential to absorb more of the toxins in to the body via the wound. *When injuries happen: use latex gloves when assisting others to prevent transmission of blood-borne pathogens. eg; Hepatitis, H.I.V.

15. Physical Characteristics of Airborne Substances Dust: minute solid particles from 20 to 500 microns which may take the form of a deposit or a cloud. Mist: fine particle spray of liquid suspended in a gaseous form which will settle and condense on a surface. Gas: substance that is neither solid nor liquid at room temperature and has the ability to expand indefinitely. Vapors & Fumes: gas given off by liquid or solid at a temperature below its melting or boiling point. Smoke: mass of tiny partials in the air rising from something burning.

16. Detecting Air Contaminants in the Studio Sight: Color, cloudiness and beams of light can be a way of viewing large dust and mist contaminants in the air. Some particles are so small they may not be viewable with the eye but still pose a danger. Due to this small size they are easily inhaled and taken deeper in to the lungs. Odor: If you can smell it, you are being exposed to it! Olfactory fatigue: the temporary inability to distinguish a particular odor after prolonged exposure to the airborne compound. Air monitoring systems: the most accurate way of detecting contaminants that will give the exact ppm count of a particulate. This type of testing needs to be done by a professional using a stationary air sampling unit or a mobile unit worn by an operator.

17. Factors Affecting Exposure to Hazardous Materials Condition of exposure Frequency and length of exposure Toxicity of material Total body burden Health of the individual: those predisposed to existing health problems may be affected to a greater degree then those individuals with no health issues Pregnancy Individuals with a disability which may keep them from understanding the nature of their art materials Individuals on medication

18. Necessary Elements of Studio Safety Identify potential studio and work hazards Identify toxins and their routes of entry into the body Understand the properties and safe use of art materials Understand the safe operating procedures on equipment used and activities performed in your area Make safety a concern in all studio activities

19. Hazards which may be Present in the Art Making Process Chemical: glaze materials, paints, inks, solvents, photo chemicals and dyes, etc. Physical: equipment, vibration, noise, lifting, burns and cuts. Ultraviolet light and radiation: ceramic kilns, laser light, welding. Ergonomic: work stations, repetitive stress injuries. Biological: animal parts, plant matter and molds.

20. Material Safety Data Sheet: Provides an individual with detailed handling and safety information on material. Before using any materials its most current MSDS should be read and understood. Language on MSDS may differ from company to company so read carefully. Product name Composition / ingredients Hazards identification First aid measures Fire fighting measures Accidental release measures Handling and storage Exposure controls / personal protection Physical and chemical properties Stability and reactivity Toxicological and ecological information. Disposal information Transportation information Regulatory information

21. Key Words to Watch for on any Product Use with adequate ventilation Danger Warning Caution Trade secret For industrial uses Low VOC Biodegradable Green/Natural

22. Ventilation Systems

23. Remove toxic gases, vapors, dusts and mists from the studios and shops Control heat and humidity Prevent fire and explosions Always turn on ventilation when working in a studio or shop were it is present Do not work with materials that require ventilation in an unventilated area of the art building

24. Equipment and Studio Use Equipment use in the department is not permitted unless you have received a safety demonstration and training on its uses from a instructor or technician. If there is need for a specific piece of equipment but no instruction has been received on its operation contact your instructor, TA or area technician to set a training time.

25. Personal Protective Equipment Respiratory protection Gloves Protective clothing Protective footwear Face and eye Protection Hearing protection

26. Respiratory protection Wearing a NIOSH N95 type dust mask (filter face piece) is strongly encouraged when working with fine particle or any dusty materials. Always use ventilation systems when working with any these types of materials. It is strongly advised to get a fit test for dust masks. See an RSO for details. If a cartridge type respirator is used in the department individuals must be fit tested and have a medical examination before use will be permitted. In addition to this, individuals must follow the University’s respiratory protection monitoring program. See an RSO for further information. PPE must be kept clean, maintained and stored in a clean bag when not in use. Individuals must receive training on the proper uses on all respiratory protection; see your department RSO for information. NOISH N95 dust mask Cartridge respirator

27. Personal Protection Equipment Gloves : Gloves : made of appropriate material are required to protect the hands and arms from thermal burns, cuts or chemical exposure that may result in the absorption through the skin or reaction on the surface of the skin. Gloves are required when working with concentrated solutions, carcinogens, reproductive toxins, strong acids and bases. No single glove material is impermeable to all chemicals, gloves should be carefully selected. Use a manufacturer’s guide in choosing a glove and talk with an RSO. Clothing and footwear : Clothing and footwear : Open toed shoes, sandals and bare feet are not allowed in any of the shops. Only closed toe shoes and boots are to be worn while working in any shop. Different studio areas will have specific needs for protective clothing. See your instructor or area technician for details on safety gear appropriate for that area.

28. Glove Chart *different manufacturers will have charts available online.

29. Eye and face protection: Is required for all students, faculty, staff and visitors whose eyes may be exposed to chemical or physical hazards. Side shields on safety glasses provide protection against flying particles, but goggles and face shields are necessary when there is greater danger of eye contact with liquids. (Acids, molten metal, etc.) Hearing protection: Should always be worn for any activity which produces sound louder then a conversation. Earplugs are provided to students free of charge at the Wood Shop (E133), Foundry (E170), Printmaking spray wash-out booth (W189) and Photo crib (W139). Personal Protective Equipment

30. Studio Hygiene 1. Clean up work spaces after every use. 2. Avoid creating dust clouds when cleaning surfaces. 3. Mop floors and sponge down work surfaces when appropriate. 4. Use sweeping compound if the material being cleaned does not lend itself to being mopped. 5. It is best to wear aprons and/or coveralls while working in the studios and shops not just street clothes. Bringing home art materials with you on articles of clothing can expose others to potentially harmful materials.

31. Studio Hygiene No eating or drinking in the studios or shops!

32. Storage and Handling of Materials Store flammables and corrosives in safety cabinets only. Store material only in designated areas. When possible keep material in its original container. Always use proper safety gear when handling materials.

33. Substitute Toxic Materials for Less Toxic Materials whenever Possible! Ick Face! Better choice! Select dust free, water based, low VOC materials Avoid highly toxic chemicals, carcinogens, mutagens, teratogens. Any new materials or products to be used in the Regis Center must have its most current MSDS and the approval of an RSO If there is no substitute for a specific material only use it when the proper safety equipment is in place and proper protocols are followed.

34. Material Containers When transferring material from the original container to a new container, it must be clearly labeled and must have the same product information as the original container. NO !

35. Use One of these Labels *IN USE means still in regular use Haz Waste means requires disposal *do you know the difference?

36. Labeling Containers of Solutions and Mixtures Any material not in its original container must be labeled Labeling must list all material in the container and the percentage of materials if the content is a solution WRONG!CORRECT!

37. UNLABLED CONTAINERS ARE EXPENSIVE *Unidentified containers cost our department $50 each to be analyzed. *Fines from a State or County EPA inspector could run in the thousands.

38. Disposal of Empty Containers Always uncap empty containers for disposal Any containers that are completely empty may be recycled or trashed

39. Hazardous Waste Material that has the potential to cause or significantly contribute to an increase in mortality or an increase in irreversible or incapacitating reversible illness. Materials that pose serious destructive effects on the environment. Characteristics: Ignitable, corrosive, reactive, toxic. Visit www.dehs.umn.edu for more info.www.dehs.umn.edu

40. EMPTY AEROSOL CANS DO NOT GO IN THE GARBAGE Pull off the spray tips for safety. There are containers for empty or dysfunctional cans in any of the spray booth rooms.

41. Hazardous Waste Storage Rooms in the Regis Center West: W - 174East: E - 129

42. Stickers and Trays These make it easy to properly label your hazardous waste and put it in the proper place for disposal. Nothing may be left in these rooms unless it has been properly labeled, we make it easy for you. Within these rooms you will find

43. Hazardous Waste Protocols Hazardous waste must never be put in the trash or poured down the sink. Do not handle waste unless you have had hazardous waste training. Waste must only be placed in designated areas and in designated containers. All hazardous waste must be in containers labeled with material, name, date, amount with the generator’s name and department. Incompatible wastes such as oxidizers, flammables, corrosives and solvents must be segregated in a secondary chemical resistant containment.

44. Emergency Situations Call 911 (On campus using your cell phone automatically goes to U of M Emergency line) Be calm. Don’t panic and prepared to tell the operator your building and room number or location and the nature of the emergency. Non-emergency situation: Non-emergency situation: U of M Police 624-2677 Building emergencies Day time: contact technical staff Night time: call BSAC 624-2900 In case of Fire: In case of Fire: Leave the building immediately and call 911 Nighttime Personal Safety: 624 – WALK When walking to and from any destination on campus late night, use the FREE U of M Safety Escort Service.

45. Security (NO PROPPED DOORS) NO!

46. Be Aware of Visitors Notice strangers. If someone looks suspicious, find and tell an Instructor, TA or Technician. After hours: Call U of M police, let them make the mistake. Lock up personal belongings, studios and offices.

47. Personal Security The University of Minnesota makes a tremendous effort to make the campus a safe and welcoming place to learn. The university has its own police force, campus surveillance cameras and a security escort for students to and from buildings, dorms or their vehicles if requested. However, because we are an urban campus students must exercise caution and be aware of their surroundings for safety. Visit the UMPD web site for a full list of crime prevention and personal safety information. www.umn.edu/police/prevention.html

48. References and Resources Organizations: Arts, Crafts, and Theater Safety www.artscraftstheatersafety.org www.artscraftstheatersafety.org U of M Department of Environmental Health and Safety www.dehs.umn.eduwww.dehs.umn.edu The Environmental Protection Agency www.epa.gov www.epa.gov The Occupational Safety and Health Administration www.osha.gov