1. A Few Safety Rules ä Think through each step before beginning an experiment ä Identify possible hazards and take appropriate measures to contain or minimize hazards (read labels) ä If you don’t know what is going to happen and think there may be a potential for danger ä Stop! ä Get help before proceeding or modify procedure to minimize risk. ä When using hazardous chemicals use secondary containment and appropriate personal protection ä Think through each step before beginning an experiment ä Identify possible hazards and take appropriate measures to contain or minimize hazards (read labels) ä If you don’t know what is going to happen and think there may be a potential for danger ä Stop! ä Get help before proceeding or modify procedure to minimize risk. ä When using hazardous chemicals use secondary containment and appropriate personal protection 

2. Routes of Chemical Exposure ä skin ä protective clothing ä gloves ä ingestion ä don’t pipette by mouth! ä no food in the lab ä wash before leaving the lab ä inhalation ä dust and vapors (use fume hood when either are present) ä eyes ä eye protection against splashing and vapors ä skin ä protective clothing ä gloves ä ingestion ä don’t pipette by mouth! ä no food in the lab ä wash before leaving the lab ä inhalation ä dust and vapors (use fume hood when either are present) ä eyes ä eye protection against splashing and vapors

3. Material Safety Data Sheets: an information source ä emergency information ä chemical product and company identification ä composition ä hazards identification ä appropriate response to hazardous situations ä first aid measures ä fire fighting measures ä accidental release measures ä emergency information ä chemical product and company identification ä composition ä hazards identification ä appropriate response to hazardous situations ä first aid measures ä fire fighting measures ä accidental release measures

4. Material Safety Data Sheets: an information source ä prevention of hazardous situations ä handling and storage ä exposure controls and personal protection ä physical and chemical properties ä stability and reactivity ä miscellaneous ä toxicological information ä ecological information ä disposal considerations ä transportation information ä regulatory information ä prevention of hazardous situations ä handling and storage ä exposure controls and personal protection ä physical and chemical properties ä stability and reactivity ä miscellaneous ä toxicological information ä ecological information ä disposal considerations ä transportation information ä regulatory information

5. Material Safety Data Sheets: an example - Hydrochloric Acid ä You’ve been asked to mix up a solution of 1N HCl from concentrated hydrochloric acid. You would like to know of any hazards associated with this procedure. ä You remember the safety rule and you think through the steps of preparing the solution. You realize that you’ve never opened a container of concentrated HCl before. So you STOP! and get some help. ä You’ve been asked to mix up a solution of 1N HCl from concentrated hydrochloric acid. You would like to know of any hazards associated with this procedure. ä You remember the safety rule and you think through the steps of preparing the solution. You realize that you’ve never opened a container of concentrated HCl before. So you STOP! and get some help.

6. Hydrochloric Acid: Potential Health Effects ä DANGER! CORROSIVE. CAUSES EYE AND SKIN BURNS. CAUSES DIGESTIVE AND RESPIRATORY TRACT BURNS. ä Eye: ä May cause irreversible eye injury. Vapor or mist may cause irritation and severe burns. Contact with liquid is corrosive to the eyes and causes severe burns. ä Skin: ä May be absorbed through the skin in harmful amounts. Contact with liquid is corrosive and causes severe burns and ulceration. ä DANGER! CORROSIVE. CAUSES EYE AND SKIN BURNS. CAUSES DIGESTIVE AND RESPIRATORY TRACT BURNS. ä Eye: ä May cause irreversible eye injury. Vapor or mist may cause irritation and severe burns. Contact with liquid is corrosive to the eyes and causes severe burns. ä Skin: ä May be absorbed through the skin in harmful amounts. Contact with liquid is corrosive and causes severe burns and ulceration.

7. Hydrochloric Acid: Potential Health Effects ä Ingestion: ä May cause circulatory system failure. Causes severe digestive tract burns with abdominal pain, vomiting, and possible death. May cause corrosion and permanent tissue destruction of the esophagus and digestive tract. ä Inhalation: ä Causes severe irritation of upper respiratory tract with coughing, burns, breathing difficulty, and possible coma. May cause pulmonary edema and severe respiratory disturbances. ä Chronic: ä Prolonged or repeated skin contact may cause dermatitis. Repeated exposure may cause erosion of teeth. May cause conjunctivitis and photosensitization. ä Ingestion: ä May cause circulatory system failure. Causes severe digestive tract burns with abdominal pain, vomiting, and possible death. May cause corrosion and permanent tissue destruction of the esophagus and digestive tract. ä Inhalation: ä Causes severe irritation of upper respiratory tract with coughing, burns, breathing difficulty, and possible coma. May cause pulmonary edema and severe respiratory disturbances. ä Chronic: ä Prolonged or repeated skin contact may cause dermatitis. Repeated exposure may cause erosion of teeth. May cause conjunctivitis and photosensitization.

8. Hydrochloric Acid Physical State:Liquid Appearance:Clear, colorless to faintly yellow. Odor:Strong, pungent. pH:1.1 (0.1N sol). Vapor Pressure:160 mm Hg Vapor Density:1.257 (Air=1) Evaporation Rate:2.0 (Butyl acetate=1) Viscosity:Not available. Boiling Point:230_F Freezing/Melting Point: -101_F Decomposition Temperature:3239.6_F Solubility:823g/L water at 32F. Specific Gravity/Density:1.19 (Water=1) Molecular Formula:HCl Molecular Weight:36.46 Physical State:Liquid Appearance:Clear, colorless to faintly yellow. Odor:Strong, pungent. pH:1.1 (0.1N sol). Vapor Pressure:160 mm Hg Vapor Density:1.257 (Air=1) Evaporation Rate:2.0 (Butyl acetate=1) Viscosity:Not available. Boiling Point:230_F Freezing/Melting Point: -101_F Decomposition Temperature:3239.6_F Solubility:823g/L water at 32F. Specific Gravity/Density:1.19 (Water=1) Molecular Formula:HCl Molecular Weight:36.46 danger!

9. Hydrochloric Acid: My Solution to the solution ä Vapor pressure is significant and vapor is very corrosive ä Liquid is very corrosive ä Solution preparation should be done in a fume hood with gloves, protective clothing, and eye protection ä Vapor pressure is significant and vapor is very corrosive ä Liquid is very corrosive ä Solution preparation should be done in a fume hood with gloves, protective clothing, and eye protection

10. MSDS Handling Procedures ä HCl (Concentrated Hydrochloric acid) ä Use with adequate ventilation. ä Wash thoroughly after handling. ä Remove contaminated clothing and wash before reuse. ä Do not get on skin or in eyes. ä Do not ingest or inhale. ä NaCl (table salt) ä Use with adequate ventilation. ä Minimize dust generation and accumulation. ä Avoid contact with eyes, skin, and clothing. ä Do not ingest or inhale. ä HCl (Concentrated Hydrochloric acid) ä Use with adequate ventilation. ä Wash thoroughly after handling. ä Remove contaminated clothing and wash before reuse. ä Do not get on skin or in eyes. ä Do not ingest or inhale. ä NaCl (table salt) ä Use with adequate ventilation. ä Minimize dust generation and accumulation. ä Avoid contact with eyes, skin, and clothing. ä Do not ingest or inhale.

11. MSDS: Hazards Identification ä NaCl NaCl ä Warning! Causes eye irritation. ä HCl HCl ä Poison! Danger! Corrosive. Liquid and mist cause severe burns to all body tissue. May be fatal if swallowed or inhaled. Inhalation may cause lung damage. ä H 2 SO 4 H 2 SO 4 ä Poison! Danger! Corrosive. Liquid and mist cause severe burns to all body tissue. May be fatal if swallowed or contacted with skin. Harmful if inhaled. Affects teeth. Water reactive. Cancer hazard. Strong inorganic acid mists containing sulfuric acid can cause cancer. ä NaCl NaCl ä Warning! Causes eye irritation. ä HCl HCl ä Poison! Danger! Corrosive. Liquid and mist cause severe burns to all body tissue. May be fatal if swallowed or inhaled. Inhalation may cause lung damage. ä H 2 SO 4 H 2 SO 4 ä Poison! Danger! Corrosive. Liquid and mist cause severe burns to all body tissue. May be fatal if swallowed or contacted with skin. Harmful if inhaled. Affects teeth. Water reactive. Cancer hazard. Strong inorganic acid mists containing sulfuric acid can cause cancer.

12. MSDS: Summary ä A good source of information on safe handling ä May provide useful information on physical-chemical properties ä Provide first aid, fire fighting, and accidental release measures ä Can be used to obtain concentrations of ingredients in proprietary solutions ä A good source of information on safe handling ä May provide useful information on physical-chemical properties ä Provide first aid, fire fighting, and accidental release measures ä Can be used to obtain concentrations of ingredients in proprietary solutions