1. PRINTING OF COTTON WITH REACTIVE DYES
CO-VALENT BOND FORMATION BETWEEN DYE AND FIBRE
REACTIVE DYES BASED ON
SUBSTITUTION REACTION

2. REACTIVE DYES BASED ON SUBSTITUTION REACTION
DEVELOPED BY ICI IN 1956
MARKETED UNDER THE TRADE NAMES
PROCION M
PROCION H
COLOURED DERIVATIVES OF 2,4,6 TRICHLORO-S-TRIAZINE OR CYNURIC CHLORIDE

3. PROCION DYES PROCION M DYES (COLD BRAND) DICHLORO TRIZINE
PROCION H DYES (HOT BRAND DYES)
MONOCHLORO TRIAZINE

4. DYES BASED ON ADDITION REACTION
DEVELOPED BY HOECHST
MARKETED UNDER TRADE NAME REMAZOL
REACTIVE GROUP VINYL SULPHONE
COMMERCIALLY AVAILABLE IN THE FORM BETA SULPHATOETHYL SULPHONE
DYE REACTIVITY
PROCION M > REMAZOL > PROCION H

5. DYE REACTION WITH CELLULOSE AND WATER

6. THICKENERS FOR DYES OTHER THAN REACTIVE AND PIGMENT COLOURS
CHOICE OF THICKENER
THICKENERS FOR DYES OTHER THAN REACTIVE AND PIGMENT COLOURS
CARBOHYDRATES OR MODIFIED CARBOHYDRATES HAVING PRIMARY OH GROUPS IN THEIR STRUCTURE
NOT SUITABLE FOR PRINTING COTTON WITH REACTIVE DYES
SELECTED THICKENER SHOULD BE FREE FROM PRIMARY OH GROUP

7. SODIUM ALGINATE MOST SATISFACTORY THICKENER
SODIUM SALT OF ALGINIC ACID
DOES NOT REACT WITH REACTIVE DYE
ABSENCE OF PRIMARY REACTIVE GROUP
REPULSION BETWEEN COO – OF THICKENER AND SO3 - GROUP OF DYE

8. PRINTING FABRIC PREPARATION PREFERABLY MERCERIZED
SHOULD BE NEUTRAL OR SLIGHTLY ALKALINE
DYE DISSOLUTION
PRINTING NEEDS CONCENTRATED SOLUTION
UREA ACTS AS DYE DISSOLVING ASSISTANT AND HYGROSCOPIC AGENT

9. DYE DISSOLUTION TWO PROCEDURES
PASTE DYE POWDER WITH COLD WATER. ADD HOT WATER. THEN ADD UREA
MIX DYE POWDER AND UREA. ADD HOT WATER
HOT WATER TEMPERATURE
COLD BRAND DYES C
HOT BRAND DYES 800 C

10. PRINT PASTE PREPARATION

11. DYE FIXATION METHODS STEAMING PROCESS SODIUM SILICATE PAD-BATCH METHOD
PRINT > DRY > STEAM > WASH > SOAP > WASH > DRY
ALKALI IN PRINT PASTE
STEAMING
ATMOSPHERIC STEAMING
TEMPERATURE 1020 C
TIME : COLD BRAND 5 MIN., HOT BRAND 15 MIN.
DRY HEAT PROCESS
PRINT > DRY > CURE > WASH > SOAP > WASH > DRY
CURING: C FOR 5 MIN.
SODIUM SILICATE PAD-BATCH METHOD
PRINT > DRY > SODIUM SILICATE PAD-BATCH > WASH > SOAP > WASH > DRY
SODIUM SILICATE 1000 TW
BATCHING TIME Hr. ROOM TEMPERATURE

12. PRINT PASTE COMPOSITION
COMPONENT
STEAM
DRY HEAT
PAD-BATCH
DYE
10-40 gm
UREA
50 gm gm
WATER ml
RESIST SALT
10-20 gm
NIL
SOD. ALGINATE PASTE (4%)
TO MAKE 1000 gm
SOD. BICARB.

13. ROLE OF UREA IN DRY HEAT FIXATION
HIGH CONCENTRATION OF UREA gm/kg OF PRINT PASTE
WATER EVAPORATION DURING DRYING
NO WATER AT THE TIME OF FIXATION AT 1500 C
NO IONIZATION OF DYE AND CELLULOSE
NO DYE FIXATION
UREA MELTS AT 1320 C
PROVIDE MOLTEN BATH AT PRINTED PORTION AT FIXATION TEMP.
DYE DISSOLUTION AND FIBRE SWELLING IN MOLTEN UREA
FACILITATE DYE FIXATION

14. AFTER FIXATION DYE PRESENT ON FABRIC
SOAPING
AFTER FIXATION DYE PRESENT ON FABRIC
DYE REACTED WITH FIBRE
DYE REACTED WITH WATER (HYDROLYZED DYE)
DYE STILL IN REACTIVE FORM
OPTIMUM WASH FASTNESS DEPEND ON EFFICIENT REMOVAL OF 1 AND 2
SOAPING MOST IMPORTANT OPERATION

15. SOAPING COLD WATER WASH, AMPLE WATER, 2-3 RINSES
SOAPING AT BOIL USING 2 g/l LISSAPOL D (ANIONIC DETERGENT) FOR 15 MIN.
HOT WATER RINSE
COLD WATER RINSE
PRECAUSTION: TO AVOID STAINING OF WHITE, SOAPING IN OPEN WIDTH FORM ON 6-8 COMPARTMENT OPEN SOAPER