2. Animal Bites & Rabies

3. Rabies virus

4. Disease Rabies virus causes an acute encephalitis in all warm-blooded hosts, including humans, and the outcome is almost always fatal. Although all species of mammals are susceptible to rabies virus infection, only a few species are important as reservoirs for the disease

5. Rabies family Rabies virus belongs to the order Mononegavirales, viruses with a nonsegmented, negative-stranded RNA genomes. Within this group, viruses with a distinct "bullet" shape are classified in the Rhabdoviridae family. The genus Lyssavirus includes rabies virus, Lagos bat, Mokola virus, Duvenhage virus, European bat virus 1 & 2 and Australian bat virus.

6. Transmission The rabies virus is transmitted when infected saliva of a host is passed to an uninfected animal. Various routes of transmission have been documented and include contamination of mucous membranes (i.e., eyes, nose, mouth), aerosol transmission, and corneal transplantations. The most common mode of rabies virus transmission is through the bite and virus-containing saliva of an infected host.

7. Oregon Administrative Rules

8. Animal Bites & Rabies Oregon Administrative Rules (OARS) Chapter 333, Division 19 ‑ Health Division 333 ‑ 019 ‑ Except where specifically exempt, all dogs at least three months old shall be immunized against rabies by the age of six months. The following are exempt

9. Animal Bites & Rabies Oregon Administrative Rules Vaccination of an animal against rabies is valid only when performed: a) by a licensed veterinarian; b) by a veterinary technician (certified according to OAR 875-030-0010) under the supervision of a licensed veterinarian; or Except as provided in (3), any dog, cat, or ferret that has bitten a person shall be held for observation until the tenth day following the bite. This observation shall be under the supervision of a Licensed Veterinarian or other person designated by the Local Public Health Authority.

10. Animal Bites & Rabies Oregon Administrative Rules A Rabies Vaccination Certificate shall be completed and signed by the person performing the vaccination.

11. Animal Bites & Rabies (iii) Destruction of the head of a biting animal. No person shall destroy or allow to be destroyed without authorization by the local health officer or administrator (or designee) the head of a rabies susceptible animal which has bitten a person. (B) Laboratory Testing of the Head of a rabies susceptible animal which has bitten a person. The head of the biting animal shall be submitted immediately and under refrigeration to the Oregon Public Health Laboratory

12. Rabies in the US

21. Human Rabies Data 1996-2005

22. Human Rabies Data US acquired cases only 19901 caseTXBat related 19912 casesAK, GABat related 19932 casesNY, TXBat related 19944 casesCA, ALBat related 19954 casesCA(2), CT, WABat related 19962 casesMT, KYBat related 19974 casesMT, WA, NY, TXBat related 19981 caseVABat related 20005 casesCA, NY, GA, MN,WIBat related 20023 casesCA, TN, IWBat Related 20031 caseVARaccoon Related 20042 casesCA, WIBat related

23. Rabies Information from the Oregon Health Division

27. Rabies Silver-haired bats Lasionycteris noctivagans

29. SILVER HAIR…………… BAT

30. Rabies in Oregon

31. ANIMAL RABIES Oregon 1960 - 2002 JACKSON 21B, 8 F JOSEPHINE 4 B, 2F TILLAMOOK BAKER 4B,1 Hu CROOK 1B DESCHUTES 14B GRANT 4B HARNEY 7B JEFFERSON 7B LANE 31 B, 1D, 1F MALHEUR 6B MORROW UMATILLA 6B 1S UNION 4B WALLOWA 3 B WHEELER CURRY 5B, 2F 1 Co COOS 5B, 1F, DOUGLAS 10B, 1D, 1C. 1F KLAMATH 8B LAKE 19B WASCO 4B HOOD RIVER 3B, 1R GILLIAM LINN 24B, 1F BENTON 25 B, 2F LINCOLN 4B, 1C POLK 1B YAMHILL 2B, 1C MARION 14 B CLACKAMAS 26 B, 1C, 1S CLATSOP 5B COLUMBIA 3B WASHINGTON 12B, 1S, 1Hu MULTNOMAH 21B, 1D, 1C,1S,1Hu SHERMAN Last: Cats 1999 Douglas Co. Dog 1990 Mexico/ Douglas Co. Fox 2000 Josephine Co. Human 1989 Washington Co. Skunk 1979 Multnomah Co. Raccoon 1967Hood River Co. Cow 1999 Curry Co. Legend: B Bat C Cat D Dog F Fox Hu Human R Raccoon S Skunk Co Cow Updated Jan 2001

32. Rabies-positive animals Oregon, 2005 GILLIAM MAN WASCO CLATSOP BAKER CROOK DESCHUTES DOUGLAS GRANT LAKE MALHEUR MORROW UMATILLA UNION WALLOWA WHEELER SHER- COLUMBIA CURRY POLK TILLAMOOK LINCOLN WASHINGTON CLACKAMAS JACKSON LANE BENTON JOSEPHINE HARNEY JEFFERSON MULTNOMAH MARION KLAMATH LINN HOOD RIVER COOS YAMHILL = 1 Bat

33. JOEPHINE TILLAMOOK BAKER CROOK DESCHUTES GRANT HARNEY JEFFERSON LANE MALHEUR MORROW UMATILLA UNION WALLOWA WHEELER CURRY COOS DOUGLAS KLAMATH LAKE WASCO HOOD RIVER GILLIAM LINN BENTON LINCOLN POLK YAMHILL MARION CLACKAMAS CLATSOP COLUMBIA WASHINGTON MULTNOMAH SHERMAN JACKSON Rabies positive animals OREGON MAP 2006

34. YearBatCatDogFoxOther Animals 19901/290/610/340/10/14 19914/401/851/541/40/19 19922/290/980/540/40/54 19932/431/960/344/100/59 199410/470/880/583/70/78 19953/470/980/615/50/159 19963/480/510/330/50/58 199714/1161/830/520/60/45 19986/950/950/560/30/49 199911/1151/950/450/11/47 (Cow) 20008/730/790/561/40/4 20014/590/670/460/10/41 200212/1340/102 0/272/40/29 2003 6/610/750/361/50/39 2004 7/880/1050/420/20/27 2005 8/830/1000/480/10/23 200623/1260/720/262/40/41 200712/1530/800/330/10/26 Totals 1990-2007 136/1386 9.8% 4/1530 0.26% 1/798 0.12% 19/68 28% 1/812 0.1%

36. Prevention or PEP Preexposure vaccination is recommended for persons in high-risk groups, such as veterinarians, animal handlers, and certain laboratory workers. Postexposure prophylaxis (PEP) is indicated for persons possibly exposed to a rabid animal. Possible exposures include animal bites, or mucous membrane contamination with infectious tissue, such as saliva

37. Preexposure prophylaxis consists of three doses of rabies vaccine given on days 0, 7, and 21 or 28. Preexposure prophylaxis regimen

38. Postexposure prophylaxis regimen In the United States, PEP consists of a regimen of one dose of immune globulin and five doses of rabies vaccine over a 28-day period. Rabies immune globulin and the first dose of rabies vaccine should be given as soon as possible after exposure. Additional doses of rabies vaccine should be given on days 3, 7, 14, and 28 after the first vaccination. Current vaccines are relatively painless and are given in your arm, like a flu or tetanus vaccine

39. Rabies Testing Laboratory Diagnosis