1. Facilities Management Utilities & Engineering Services Duke Steam Heating System DU-101-PP

2. Facilities Management Utilities & Engineering Services Duke STEAM HEATING SYSTEM  PURPOSE  The purpose of the Operations and Maintenance Training Program is to train Operations and Maintenance Technicians in the operation of the Duke University Chiller and Steam Systems.  OBJECTIVES  Trainees will demonstrate knowledge of – Steam Heating System Components – Steam Heating System Components Operation – Steam Heating System Configuration – Steam Heating System Controls and Instrumentation

3. Facilities Management Utilities & Engineering Services Duke STEAM HEATING SYSTEM  PURPOSE  The purpose of the Steam Heating System is to provide climate control for all East Campus, West Campus, and Duke Medical Center buildings.  STEAM HEATING SYSTEM  Boilers in the East Campus Steam Plant and the West Campus Steam Plant supply steam to the Underground Seat and Condensate Distribution System.  The Control Room assures a steady supply of steam to all facilities, bringing boilers online as they are needed and taking boilers offline to accommodate pressure requirements and equipment maintenance.  In the campus buildings, a Pressure Reduction Valve (PRV) Station reduces steam pressure to levels suitable for heating and other services.

4. Facilities Management Utilities & Engineering Services Duke STEAM HEATING SYSTEM  WHY STEAM?  Steam is an efficient and easily controlled heat transfer medium.  Heat from the boilers is stored in the steam until it is processed in the building air handlers.  Steam transports energy from the boilers to any number of remote locations with minimal loss of energy.  Both steam plants serve a common distribution system, which ensures a steady supply of steam to all facilities while boilers and other equipment are taken offline: – To provide access for maintenance without interrupting service – To improve equipment life – To enable the most efficient use of resources

5. Facilities Management Utilities & Engineering Services Duke STEAM HEATING SYSTEM  HEAT TRANSFER PRINCIPLES  Boilers raise water temperature enough above the boiling point to produce ‘saturated’ steam.  The temperature of latent heat in the saturated steam is maintained until the steam releases its latent heat into the coils of a heat exchanger. LATENT HEAT SATURATED STEAM CONDENSATE

6. Facilities Management Utilities & Engineering Services Duke STEAM HEATING SYSTEM  Heat naturally flows from a higher temperature level to a lower temperature level. This is known as heat transfer.  The purpose of the distribution system is to convey steam from the boilers to the heat exchange with minimal loss of latent heat along the way.  Pipe walls, condensate film, condensate drops, air film, scaling, and even the insulation on the outside of the pipe all cause some heat loss and condensation. To maintain necessary pressure, the boiler has to work harder.  The effects of these factors on heat transfer can be minimized by: – Drip Leg Stations at regular intervals to remove condensate from the piping. – Monitoring pressure. – Regular maintenance to remove scale and other damage to the pipes. – Conditioning feed water used in the boiler to ensure the steam generated in the boiler is as pure as possible.

7. Facilities Management Utilities & Engineering Services Duke STEAM HEATING SYSTEM  CONDENSATE RETURN PRINCIPLES  Condensate is the byproduct of heat transfer in the Steam Heating System.  Condensation forms in distribution piping and heating equipment.  As condensation forms in the underground piping, it is separated from the steam in drip leg stations and returned to the plant where it will be used to preheat feed water.  At a campus building, after steam has condensed and given up its valuable heat in the air handler’s heat exchanger, the hot condensate is pumped back to the boiler before it can cool.  The hot condensate is used to preheat feed water before it enters the boiler, which helps the boiler run efficiently.

8. Facilities Management Utilities & Engineering Services Duke STEAM HEATING SYSTEM  QUESTION  Why is condensate returned to the plant? – For disposal – To preheat feed water – To fill the water towers – To absorb steam

9. Facilities Management Utilities & Engineering Services Duke STEAM HEATING SYSTEM  ANSWER  To preheat feed water

10. Facilities Management Utilities & Engineering Services Duke STEAM HEATING SYSTEM  QUESTION  How does heat flow? – Lower temperature to higher temperature – Higher temperature to lower temperature – Heat does not flow – Downhill

11. Facilities Management Utilities & Engineering Services Duke STEAM HEATING SYSTEM  ANSWER  Higher temperature to lower temperature

12. Facilities Management Utilities & Engineering Services Duke STEAM HEATING SYSTEM  QUESTION  How is saturated steam made? – Water is heated enough above the boiling point to produce steam – Water is heated to boiling – Steam is mixed with hot water – Steam is cooled slowly to remove water

13. Facilities Management Utilities & Engineering Services Duke STEAM HEATING SYSTEM  ANSWER  Water is heated enough above the boiling point to produce steam

14. Facilities Management Utilities & Engineering Services Duke STEAM HEATING SYSTEM  PURPOSE  The systems that make up the Steam Heating System work together to provide a reliable and and efficient heat source for the East and West Campuses and Medical Center.

15. Facilities Management Utilities & Engineering Services Duke STEAM HEATING SYSTEM  SYSTEMS  The Duke University Steam Heating System includes the following equipment and locations: – High Pressure Steam System East Campus Steam Plant West Campus Steam Plant – Underground Steam and Condensate Distribution System Steam from the East Campus Steam Plant and West Campus Steam Plant is fed into the Underground Steam and Condensate Distribution System Reaches all Duke University facilities – Medium Pressure and Low Pressure Steam System Located inside all Campus and Medical Center buildings Converts high pressure steam to medium pressure steam for services and low pressure steam for heating.

16. Facilities Management Utilities & Engineering Services Duke STEAM HEATING SYSTEM  HIGH PRESSURE STEAM SYSTEM  High Pressure Steam Headers are located in the East Campus Steam Plant and the West Campus Steam Plant. EAST CAMPUS STEAM PLANT

17. Facilities Management Utilities & Engineering Services Duke STEAM HEATING SYSTEM  HIGH PRESSURE STEAM HEADER  Sensors at the HPS Header send data on the steam to the Control Room.

18. Facilities Management Utilities & Engineering Services Duke STEAM HEATING SYSTEM  EAST CAMPUS STEAM PLANT

19. Facilities Management Utilities & Engineering Services Duke STEAM HEATING SYSTEM  WEST CAMPUS STEAM PLANT

20. Facilities Management Utilities & Engineering Services Duke STEAM HEATING SYSTEM  QUESTION  Where are HPS Headers located? – East Campus and West Campus Steam Plants – All steam and chiller plants – Campus and Medical Center buildings – Chiller Plants 1 and 2

21. Facilities Management Utilities & Engineering Services Duke STEAM HEATING SYSTEM  Answer  East Campus and West Campus Steam Plants

22. Facilities Management Utilities & Engineering Services Duke STEAM HEATING SYSTEM  QUESTION  What is the nominal pressure of steam leaving the HPS Header? – 75 psig – Less than 16 psig – 125 psig – 170 psig

23. Facilities Management Utilities & Engineering Services Duke STEAM HEATING SYSTEM  ANSWER  125 psig

24. Facilities Management Utilities & Engineering Services Duke STEAM HEATING SYSTEM  QUESTION  Which boilers in a Steam Plant supply the High Pressure Steam Header? – All boilers all the time – Each boiler has its own HPS Header – All boilers that are on line – All boilers that are offline

25. Facilities Management Utilities & Engineering Services Duke STEAM HEATING SYSTEM  ANSWER  All boilers that are on line

26. Facilities Management Utilities & Engineering Services Duke STEAM HEATING SYSTEM  UNDERGROUND STEAM AND CONDENSATE DISTRIBUTION SYSTEM  PURPOSE – The Underground Steam and Condensate Distribution System conveys high pressure saturated steam to buildings throughout the Duke University Campus and Medical Center – The nominal steam pressure is 125 psig

27. Facilities Management Utilities & Engineering Services Duke STEAM HEATING SYSTEM  UNDERGROUND STEAM AND CONDENSATE DISTRIBUTION SYSTEM  COMPONENTS – Underground Piping The majority of piping is buried. Steam Vaults (manholes provide access points and junctions for buried pipes. There are approximately 35 miles of underground piping. – Three-pipe design High Pressure Steam (HPS) supply piping delivers steam to buildings. Pumped Condensate (PC) return piping conveys hot condensate drained from air handlers back to the plant. High Pressure Condensate (HPC) return piping sends condensate removed from the High Pressure Steam piping to the plant to be used as make-up feed water.

28. Facilities Management Utilities & Engineering Services Duke STEAM HEATING SYSTEM  COMPONENTS – Tunnels provide access to piping that is not buried Tunnels are tall enough to allow personnel to walk upright Access is provided for maintenance of piping, valves, and instrumentation Valves are provided to isolate segments of the system

29. Facilities Management Utilities & Engineering Services Duke STEAM HEATING SYSTEM  COMPONENTS – Steam Vaults (Manholes) Steam Vaults are located at no more than 300-foot intervals in underground piping HPS Supply side of Steam Vault – 36 inch manhole lid – Drip Leg Station drains and cleans condensate from HPS Supply PC Return side of Steam Vault – 24 inch manhole lid – Sump pit provides drainage (with an electric sump pump, when gravity drainage is not adequate Junction(s) –Steam Vaults can contain junctions to connect branches of piping –HPS Supply and PC Return lines can be joined in a Steam Vault in various configurations –Not all Steam Vaults contain junctions

30. Facilities Management Utilities & Engineering Services Duke STEAM HEATING SYSTEM  COMPONENTS – Drip Leg Stations Drip Pocket drains condensate from steam lines. Strainer removes dirt and particulates from condensate. – Steam Entry Pits Located beneath each Campus and Medical Center building. HPS Supply enters from the Underground Steam and Condensate Distribution System. Steam pressure is reduced at the PRV Station. Condensate from air handlers drains by gravity into the sump in the Steam Entry Pit. Condensate in the sump pit is returned to the Underground Steam and Condensate Distribution System by the sump pump.

31. Facilities Management Utilities & Engineering Services Duke STEAM HEATING SYSTEM  PIPING  Three Pipe System – High Pressure Steam (HPS Supply) – High Pressure Condensate (HPC Return) – Pumped Condensate (PC Return) DRIP LEG STATION MANHOLE

32. Facilities Management Utilities & Engineering Services Duke STEAM HEATING SYSTEM  THREE PIPE SYSTEM  HPS Supply carries steam from the plant to Campus and Medical Center buildings. HPS SUPPLY DRIP LEG STATION MANHOLE

33. Facilities Management Utilities & Engineering Services Duke STEAM HEATING SYSTEM  THREE PIPE SYSTEM  Condensate removed from HSP Supply at the Drip Leg Station is returned to the Steam Plant in the HPC Return piping. HPC RETURN DRIP LEG STATION MANHOLE

34. Facilities Management Utilities & Engineering Services Duke STEAM HEATING SYSTEM  THREE PIPE SYSTEM  Condensate from air handlers is pumped from buildings to the Steam Plant through the PC Return piping PC RETURN DRIP LEG STATION MANHOLE

35. Facilities Management Utilities & Engineering Services Duke STEAM HEATING SYSTEM  QUESTION  What are the three pipes in the three pipe design? – HPS Supply, HPC Return, PC Return – HPS Return, HPC Supply, PC Return – LPS Supply, HPS Supply, PC Return – PC Supply, PRV Return, HPS Supply

36. Facilities Management Utilities & Engineering Services Duke STEAM HEATING SYSTEM  ANSWER  35 miles

37. Facilities Management Utilities & Engineering Services Duke STEAM HEATING SYSTEM  QUESTION  Approximately how much piping is in the Underground Steam and Condensate Distribution System? – 300 feet – 50 miles – 35 miles – 900 yards

38. Facilities Management Utilities & Engineering Services Duke STEAM HEATING SYSTEM  ANSWER  HPS Supply, HPC Return, PC Return

39. Facilities Management Utilities & Engineering Services Duke STEAM HEATING SYSTEM  QUESTION  What is carried in PC Return piping? – Condensate from building – Steam from Plant – Condensate from Drip Leg Station – LPS from PRV Station

40. Facilities Management Utilities & Engineering Services Duke STEAM HEATING SYSTEM  ANSWER  HPS Supply, HPC Return, PC Return

41. Facilities Management Utilities & Engineering Services Duke STEAM HEATING SYSTEM  TUNNELS  Provide easy access to the Underground Steam and Condensate Distribution System to personnel – Maintaining piping, valves, sensors, and controls – Isolating segments of the system

42. Facilities Management Utilities & Engineering Services Duke STEAM HEATING SYSTEM  UNDERGROUND PIPING  The majority of piping is buried.  Steam Vaults (manholes) provide access and junction points

43. Facilities Management Utilities & Engineering Services Duke STEAM HEATING SYSTEM  STEAM VAULTS  HPS supply side of the vault  36 inch Manhole provides access for maintenance  Drip Leg Station drains and cleans condensate from HPS  PC return side of the vault  24 inch Manhole provides access for maintenance of condensate return piping  Sump pit provides drainage of condensate lost from the the system  Junction  HPS supply and PC return from various lines can come together in a steam vault

44. Facilities Management Utilities & Engineering Services Duke STEAM HEATING STATION MANHOLE HIGH PRESSURE STEAM DRIP LEG STATION  STEAM VAULT  HPS Supply Side  Drip Leg Station  36 inch Manhole for maintenance access

45. Facilities Management Utilities & Engineering Services Duke STEAM HEATING SYSTEM MAIN PC RETURN SUMP PUMP SUMP  STEAM VAULT  PC Return Side  24 inch manhole lid for maintenance access  Sump with Pump MANHOLE

46. Facilities Management Utilities & Engineering Services Duke STEAM HEATING SYSTEM MAIN HPS SUPPLY HPS SUPPLY BRANCH MAIN PC RETURN PC RETURN BRANCH PC MANHOLE  STEAM VAULT  Top View of Junction HPS MANHOLE

47. Facilities Management Utilities & Engineering Services Duke STEAM HEATING SYSTEM  STEAM VAULT DRIP LEG STATION  Drip Pocket  Strainer  Steam Trap HPS SUPPLY DRIP POCKET ISOLATION VALVES STEAM TRAP STRAINER BLOWDOWN DRAIN BLOWDOWN TEST TEE TO HPC RETURN

48. Facilities Management Utilities & Engineering Services Duke STEAM HEATING STATION  STEAM VAULT DRIP LEG STATION  Drip Pocke t – Condensate forming as steam cools can cause water hammer, erosion and scaling of pipe, and pipe and equipment failure – Condensate drops out of the stream as steam passes over the drip pocket. DRIP POCKET HPS SUPPLY CONDENSATE

49. Facilities Management Utilities & Engineering Services Duke STEAM HEATING SYSTEM  STEAM VAULT DRIP LEG STATION  Strainer  Condensate from the drip pocket passes through the strainer  Fine mesh screen collects dirt and particulates SCREEN DRIP POCKET STRAINER

50. Facilities Management Utilities & Engineering Services Duke STEAM HEATING SYSTEM  STEAM VAULT DRIP LEG STATION  Stream Trap  Air and CO 2 separate from the condensate and collect in the inverted bucket.  When the inverted bucket becomes buoyant, the bucket rises, triggers the valve above the bucket, and the gases vent out the top of the Steam Trap. INVERTED BUCKET STEAM TRAP VALVE CONDENSATE FROM STRAINER TO HPC RETURN

51. Facilities Management Utilities & Engineering Services Duke STEAM HEATING SYSTEM  QUESTION  What does a Drip Leg do? – Removes gases from HPS Supply – Drains and cleans condensate from HPS Supply – Pumps condensate from the Steam Pit Entry – Detects leaks in underground piping

52. Facilities Management Utilities & Engineering Services Duke STEAM HEATING SYSTEM  ANSWER  Drains and cleans condensate from HPS Supply

53. Facilities Management Utilities & Engineering Services Duke STEAM HEATING SYSTEM  QUESTION  The majority of piping is where? – In tunnels – Buried – Overhead – Underwater

54. Facilities Management Utilities & Engineering Services Duke STEAM HEATING SYSTEM  ANSWER  Buried

55. Facilities Management Utilities & Engineering Services Duke STEAM HEATING SYSTEM  QUESTION  HPS supply is connected to HPS Return by what? – PRV Station – Junction – Drip Leg Station – Steam Vault

56. Facilities Management Utilities & Engineering Services Duke STEAM HEATING SYSTEM  ANSWER  Drip Leg Station

57. Facilities Management Utilities & Engineering Services Duke STEAM HEATING SYSTEM  QUESTION  What are Steam Vaults also known as? – Steam Entry Pits – Manholes – Deaerators – Steam Traps

58. Facilities Management Utilities & Engineering Services Duke STEAM HEATING SYSTEM  ANSWER  Manholes

59. Facilities Management Utilities & Engineering Services Duke STEAM HEATING SYSTEM  QUESTION  What does a Steam Trap do? – Reduces steam pressure – Captures steam for testing – Removes air and CO 2 from condensate – Removes dirt and particles from steam

60. Facilities Management Utilities & Engineering Services Duke STEAM HEATING SYSTEM  ANSWER  Removes air and CO 2 from condensate

61. Facilities Management Utilities & Engineering Services Duke STEAM HEATING SYSTEM  QUESTION  What does a Steam Vault do? – Holds steam until it is needed – Provides access to underground piping – Serves as an entry point for HPS Supply into a building – Removes steam from condensate lines

62. Facilities Management Utilities & Engineering Services Duke STEAM HEATING SYSTEM  ANSWER  Provides access to underground piping

63. Facilities Management Utilities & Engineering Services Duke STEAM HEATING SYSTEM  LOW PRESSURE AND MEDIUM PRESSURE STEAM SYSTEM – Steam Pit Entry is the vault beneath each building where HPS Supply enters the building and PC Return leaves. – The PRV Station in each building reduces high pressure steam (125 psig) to medium pressure steam\ (75 to 16 psig, and medium pressure steam to low pressure steam (less than 16 psig). – Medium pressure steam is used for building services washing hot water, and other services). – Low pressure steam is used by air handlers to heat the building. – Condensate from the air handlers flows to the sump pit by gravity. The condensate pump sends condensate to the plan through the PC Return piping.

64. Facilities Management Utilities & Engineering Services Duke STEAM HEATING SYSTEM  STEAM PIT ENTRY – Entry point for Buildings – Maintenance access – Drip Leg removes condensate – Condensate Pump returns condensate to Steam Plant CONDENSATE PUMP DRIP LEG

65. Facilities Management Utilities & Engineering Services Duke STEAM HEATING SYSTEM  PRV Station  Reduces pressure in buildings in two stages – HPS Supply to Medium Pressure Steam (MPS) for services – MPS to Low Pressure Steam (LPS) for heating HPS FROM STEAM PLANT MPS TO SERVICES LPS TO HEATING PRV

66. Facilities Management Utilities & Engineering Services Duke STEAM HEATING SYSTEM  PRV STATION  PRV – PRV uses adjustable spring and diaphragm design to reduce steam pressure. – The PRVs in the first stage of the PRV Station reduce steam pressure from 125 psig (HPS) to 75 to 16 psig (MPS) – The PRVs in the second stage of the PRV Station reduce steam pressure from 75 to 16 psig to less than 16 psig (LPS).

67. Facilities Management Utilities & Engineering Services Duke STEAM HEATING SYSTEM  QUESTION  What does a PVR Station do? – Reduces pressure so steam can be used for services and heating – Pumps condensate from the air handlers – Increases steam pressure so steam can reach the most remote air handlers – Converts steam to hot condensate

68. Facilities Management Utilities & Engineering Services Duke STEAM HEATING SYSTEM  ANSWER  Reduces pressure so steam can be used for services and heating

69. Facilities Management Utilities & Engineering Services Duke STEAM HEATING SYSTEM  QUESTION  What is LPS used for? – Reducing pressure from HPS Supply – Heating – Hot water – Pumping condensate back to the plant

70. Facilities Management Utilities & Engineering Services Duke STEAM HEATING SYSTEM  ANSWER  Heating

71. Facilities Management Utilities & Engineering Services Duke STEAM HEATING SYSTEM  QUESTION  Which of these is MPS used for? – Reducing pressure from HPS Supply – Heating – Hot water – Pumping condensate back to the plant

72. Facilities Management Utilities & Engineering Services Duke STEAM HEATING SYSTEM  ANSWER  Hot water

73. Facilities Management Utilities & Engineering Services Duke STEAM HEATING SYSTEM  QUESTION  What does a PRV do? – Reduces voltage to the condensate pumps – Reduces steam pressure – Converts condensate to steam – Removes air and CO2 from steam

74. Facilities Management Utilities & Engineering Services Duke STEAM HEATING SYSTEM  ANSWER  Reduces steam pressure

75. Facilities Management Utilities & Engineering Services Duke STEAM HEATING SYSTEM  STEAM HEATING SYSTEM CONFIGURATION AND PROCESS FLOW

76. Facilities Management Utilities & Engineering Services Duke STEAM HEATING SYSTEM  HPS HEADERS, EAST AND WEST STEAM PLANTS  Steam from boilers is regulated in HPS Header  Header supplies HPS to Underground Steam and Condensate Distribution System  Steam pressure exiting plant is 125 psig HPS HEADER BOILERS UNDERGROUND PIPING

77. Facilities Management Utilities & Engineering Services Duke STEAM HEATING SYSTEM  STEAM VAULT  HPS steam enters Steam Vault  Condensate drains into Drip Pocket  Steam Trap removes air and CO 2  Strainer removes dirt and particulates STEAM VAULT DRIP LEG STATION STEAM TRAP

78. Facilities Management Utilities & Engineering Services Duke STEAM HEATING SYSTEM  STEAM ENTRY PIT  HPS enters Campus and Medical Center buildings at Steam Entry Pit  Drip Leg removes condensate STEAM ENTRY PIT DRIP LEG

79. Facilities Management Utilities & Engineering Services Duke STEAM HEATING SYSTEM  PRV STATION  HPS is reduced to MPS, 75 to 16 psig  MPS is reduces to LPS, less than 16 psig  LPS is sent to the building heating system PRV STATION 75-16 psig > 16 psig 125 psig

80. Facilities Management Utilities & Engineering Services Duke STEAM HEATING SYSTEM  STEAM ENTRY PIT  Condensate from heat heating goes to the Condensate Pump  Condensate is returned to the Steam Plant

81. Facilities Management Utilities & Engineering Services Duke STEAM HEATING SYSTEM  QUESTION  What is the function of the Steam Pit Entry? – Where HPS Supply enters a building – Entrance to Steam Vault – Contains the LPS Station – Contains air handlers

82. Facilities Management Utilities & Engineering Services Duke STEAM HEATING SYSTEM  ANSWER  Where HPS Supply enters a building

83. Facilities Management Utilities & Engineering Services Duke STEAM HEATING SYSTEM  QUESTION  Steam from boilers enters the distribution system where? – PRV Station – HPS Header – Steam Pit Entry – Steam Vault

84. Facilities Management Utilities & Engineering Services Duke STEAM HEATING SYSTEM  ANSWER  HPS Header

85. Facilities Management Utilities & Engineering Services Duke STEAM HEATING SYSTEM  QUESTION  What is the pressure of low pressure steam? – Below 16 psig – 16 psig – 75 psig – 24 psig

86. Facilities Management Utilities & Engineering Services Duke STEAM HEATING SYSTEM  ANSWER  Below 16 psig

87. Facilities Management Utilities & Engineering Services Duke STEAM HEATING SYSTEM  QUESTION  In what part does the Drip Leg Station collect condensate from HPS Supply? – The Drip Leg Station does not collect condensate – Steam Trap – Strainer – Drip Pocket

88. Facilities Management Utilities & Engineering Services Duke STEAM HEATING SYSTEM  ANSWER  Drip Pocket

89. Facilities Management Utilities & Engineering Services Duke STEAM HEATING SYSTEM  QUESTION  What does the strainer do? – Removes air and CO2 from condensate – Removes LPS from HPS Supply – Removes dirt and particulates from condensates – Removes latent energy from HPS Supply

90. Facilities Management Utilities & Engineering Services Duke STEAM HEATING SYSTEM  ANSWER  Removes dirt and particulates from condensate

91. Facilities Management Utilities & Engineering Services Duke STEAM HEATING SYSTEM  OPERATIONS MONITORING – Operation of the Steam Heating System at Duke University is monitored through the Control Room, at West Campus Chilled Water Plant #2. – The Digital Control System (DCS) provides operators with information on system operation and control over system parameters.

92. Facilities Management Utilities & Engineering Services Duke STEAM HEATING SYSTEM  PLANT ROUNDS – During an Operator’s routine shift, Rounds are accomplished to record key information and visually assess Steam Heating System operation, as well as other systems in the Steam Plants. – Each Steam Plant has a Round Sheet to be filled out by the Operator. – Each plant has different requirements for plant rounds. – The information is recorded, not only for the current status, but also to record system trends.

93. Facilities Management Utilities & Engineering Services Duke STEAM HEATING SYSTEM  WEST PLANT – The following is recorded, during operator rounds, for the West Plant, at 0800, 1600, 2000, and 0400 hours: Steam header PSI DA steam PSI/water temperature Steam flow, drum PSI, and gas/fuel Oil PSI to Boilers 1, 2, 3, 6 Steam flow, drum PSI, fuel oil PSI to BLR, and atomizing steam for boilers 4 and 5 City water PSI C/W booster pump online, and pump outlet PSI Softeners online FWP online, and discharge PSI Plaint air PSI Air storage tank PSI

94. Facilities Management Utilities & Engineering Services Duke STEAM HEATING SYSTEM  WEST PLANT – The following is recorded, during operator rounds, for the West Plant, at 0800, 1600, 2000, and 0400 hours: Air compressor online, PSI, and temp Generator (volts/temp) Condensate pumps online, and discharge PSI Tunnel condensate pumps leaking Cond economizer rounds Fan status, pump online, water level, flue gas temp in/out, makeup temp to V01, makeup temp to HA-02, condensate temp leaving HA-01 Glycol system Pump online, inlet/outlet PSI, glycol inlet/outlet temp, CHW inlet/outlet temp Chemical pumps rounds (day shift only) Softeners rounds (day shift only) Fuel oil/SPCC rounds day shift only

95. Facilities Management Utilities & Engineering Services Duke STEAM HEATING SYSTEM  EAST PLANT – The following is recorded, during operator rounds, once on dayshift, and once on nightshift: Deaerators Pressure, steam temp, water temp, PC bypass closed Heating water pumps Suction/discharge PSI HP steam to DA Top/bottom PSI Steam letdown Top/bottom PSI, SF#1 breaker on/off Rooftop Breakers Operating Floor Leak detector, NG/propane valve, HRS inlet/outlet water temp, HRS drain water temp, HRS soft water inlet/outlet PSI, blowoff tank outlet temp Rooftop

96. Facilities Management Utilities & Engineering Services Duke STEAM HEATING SYSTEM  EAST PLANT – The following is recorded, during operator rounds, once on dayshift, and once on nightshift: Breakers Basement area Steam header PSI, city water inlet PSI, city water PSI after strainer, vacuum skid sight glass, pumps 5-8, booster pumps 1 and 2, HP drip station, fire water system, sump pump station, AHU-1 breaker Fan room SF-2-SF-4 breakers: valves open, AHU-2 breakers: valves open Outside building Condensate tank levels, natural gas piping, propane skid, vaporizer, emergency generator, propane unloading area Night Shift Only: Softeners online, GMPs, polishers online, boiler 1-15, chemical pump, softeners, and brine tank

97. Facilities Management Utilities & Engineering Services Duke STEAM HEATING SYSTEM  EXAMPLE WEST PLANT ROUNDS SHEET (front and back)

98. Facilities Management Utilities & Engineering Services Duke STEAM HEATING SYSTEM  EXAMPLE EAST PLANT ROUNDS SHEET (front and back)

99. Facilities Management Utilities & Engineering Services Duke STEAM HEATING SYSTEM  TYPICAL PROBLEMS ASSOCIATED WITH THE STEAM HEATING SYSTEM –Clogged Strainer Most likely cause is mesh strainer is full of debris. –Failed Steam Trap Most likely cause is failure or clogging of vent. –Flooding of Steam Vault or Steam Entry Pit Most likely cause is sump pump has failed or drain is clogged. –Failed PRV Most likely cause is clogged valve, degraded diaphragm, or spring requires adjustment

100. Facilities Management Utilities & Engineering Services Duke STEAM HEATING SYSTEM  QUESTION  Where does Operations Monitoring take place? – Control Room in each steam plant – Control Room in West Campus Steam Plant – Control Room in Chiller Plant #2 – Control Room in Chiller Plant #1

101. Facilities Management Utilities & Engineering Services Duke STEAM HEATING SYSTEM  ANSWER  Control Room in Chiller Plant #2