1. EFFECTIVE LEADERSHIP BEHAVIORS AND ATTITUDE
Amir Akbar

2. PIONEERING RESEARCH ON LEADERSHIP BEHAVIOR AND ATTITUDES
Between mid 1940’s and mid 1950s, extensive research was conducted at
Ohio State University
University of Michigan
This research is about understanding the difference between successful and unsuccessful leaders.
It also led to modern concept of leadership style
Most of the surveys and interviews were conducted with bomber airplane commanders and production and office supervisor

3. OHIO STATE UNIVERSITY
Studies of Initiating Structure and Consideration
It identified 1800 specific examples of leadership behavior.
Leaders also rated themselves on leadership dimensions
TWO KEY DIMENSIONS
Initiating structure
Consideration

4. OHIO STATE UNIVERSITY Initiating Structure Degree to which
leader organizes and defines
relationship in the group by activities such as :
Assigning specific tasks
Specifying procedures to be followed
Scheduling work
Clarifying group expectations

5. OHIO STATE UNIVERSITY Consideration Degree to which
leader creates an environment of
emotional support, warmth, friendliness and trust :
By being friendly and approachable
Looking out for personal welfare of
group
Keeping group abreast of new
developments
Doing small favors for group

6. MICHIGAN STUDIES Production Centered Leaders Set tight work standards
Supervisory leaders were categorized in two groups
with respect to emphasis on production or employees
Production Centered Leaders
Set tight work standards
Organize tasks carefully
Prescribe work methods to be followed
Closely supervise work of group members
There is only one dimensional classification
Leader is employee centered or production centered

7. MICHIGAN STUDIES Employee Centered Leaders
Supervisory leaders were categorized in two groups
with respect to emphasis on production or employees
Employee Centered Leaders
Encourage participation in goal setting
Help to ensure high performance through trust and mutual respect
There is only one dimensional classification
Leader is employee centered or production centered

8. TASK RELATED BEHAVIOURS & ATTITUDES
Adaptability to Situation
Adaptability is an important aspect of effective leadership
Leader with inexperienced, less mature people will have to devote more time on supervision
Leader with experienced / mature group, will supervise less

9. TASK RELATED BEHAVIOURS & ATTITUDES
High Performance Standards
People tend to live up to the expectation of
their superiors
Setting high standards therefore, increases
productivity
This is called as Pygmalion Effect and it
works in an unconscious way

10. TASK RELATED BEHAVIOURS & ATTITUDES
Direction Setting
Direction setting is a part of creating a vision and strategy
When leader brings about a change,
he sets a direction and while doing so,
he goes beyond management function of planning

11. TASK RELATED BEHAVIOURS & ATTITUDES
Risk Taking and Bias for Action
To affect a constructive change, the leader takes risks and is ready to implement a risky decision
Leader trusts his judgment

12. TASK RELATED BEHAVIOURS & ATTITUDES
Frequent Feedback
Giving members feedback on their
performance is vital
Feedback helps to take corrective action
Stability of performance
Effective leaders perform steadily
It helps leaders appear professional and
cool under pressure

13. Super Leadership Leading others to lead themselves
Super leader is one who
leads others to lead themselves
by acting as coach , teacher and not a director

14. Super Leadership Super Leader inspires self motivation
Super Leadership requires leader to take risk on people
Key aspect of Super Leadership is to teach right thought
Leader must teach people to develop positive thinking to gain control on their behaviour.
Super Leader serves as model of constructive thought pattern

15. Thanks