1. Civil Rights

2. Legislation & Protests Brown v. BOE -ended “separate but equal” doctrine Civil Rights Act of 1964 -banned discrimination in public places & employment

3. Cont. Voting Rights Act-1965 Eliminated barriers to voting Many elected to office Montgomery Bus Boycott buses desegregated; MLK emerges as leader Sit-in occupy segregated establishment gains momentum for movement

4. Cont. Freedom Rides-1961 Test ICC ban on segregation by Supreme Court

5. March on Washington: August 1963 -200,000 demonstrate -MLK’s “I have a dream” speech (highlight of march) -Goal: convince Congress to pass civil rights legislation

6. GROUPS NAACP interracial, focus on challenging laws in courts National Urban League assist people moving to cities- jobs/housing

7. CORE-1942 change through peaceful confrontation SNCC-1960- Student non-violent coordinating committee gave youth a greater voice in movement Groups, cont

8. nonviolent protest formed by clergymen shifted focus of movement to South SCLC-1957

9. Black Nationalism A.More radical & militant 1. Led by Malcolm X & Nation of Islam a. Preached black separation & self-help B.Disagreed w/ tactics & goals of civil rights movement C. Rejected ideas of integration

10. Black Power A.Causes split in movement B.Black Panthers seek to lead own communities C. Led to violent encounters w/ police

11. Setbacks 1968

12. MLK Assassinated 1.April 4-Memphis, TN 2.Sparked violent reactions 3.Johnson ordered flags to half mast 4. Eroded idea of nonviolent change

13. Robert F. Kennedy June 5 1.Supported civil rights 2.Campaigning for President 3.Fund programs to help the poor

14. Results of Movement A. Made segregation illegal B. Opened political process to more African Americans C. New sense of ethnic pride

15. Kennedy & Johnson Years

16. 1960 Election A.1 st televised debate 1. Kennedy more relaxed than Nixon 2. T.V. becomes new medium B. Kennedy wins by slim margin

17. Kennedy’s New Frontier Cut taxes Wants federal aid for poor Promote space program Peace Corps

18. Foreign Policy 1960’s

19. Bay of Pigs Invasion 1.Plan to overthrow Castro 2.CIA trains Cubans 3.Massive military failure

20. Berlin Crisis 1.Soviets seek permanent division 2. Build wall in 1961 3. Stop flow of Germans to West

21. Cuban Missile Crisis 1.Soviets store missiles in Cuba 2. U.S. orders naval blockade 3. Soviets withdraw weapons

22. LBJ Administration

23. Great Society 1.Aid to public education-Headstart 2.Eliminate poverty 3.Medical care a.Medicare- older Americans b.Medicaid- poorer Americans

24. Great Society continued Vista Sent volunteers to help in poor communities Elementary and Secondary Education Act Gave 1.3 billion to states based on the number of children each state had from low income homes.

25. Warren Court 1. Legislation protecting rights- Miranda rule “you have the right to remain silent” 2. Kennedy assassination -lone gunman 3. Ruled against prayer in school

26. Criticism of the Great Society Encouraged poor people to become more dependent on the government aid Gave too much authority to the Federal government.