1. The Great War- World War I

2. Long Term Causes M- Militarism A- Alliances I- Imperialism
N- Nationalism

3. Long Term Causes Militarism- Glorifying Military Power
Keeping a large standing army prepared for war
Arms race for military technology

4. Long Term Causes Alliances-
Designed to keep peace in Europe, instead pushed continent towards war
Many Alliances made in secret
By 1907 two major alliances: Triple Alliance and Triple Entente

5. Two Major Alliances Triple Entente Triple Alliance England France
Germany
Austria-Hungary
Italy
Triple Entente
England
France
Russia

6. Leaders Triple Alliance Triple Entente Kaiser Wilhelm II (Germany)
Franz Joseph I
(Austria-Hungary)
Vittorio Orlando
(Italy)
Triple Entente
David Lloyd George
(England)
Raymond Poincare
(France)
Tsar Nicholas II (Russia)

7. Long Term Causes Imperialism- European competition for colonies
Quest for colonies often almost led to war
Imperialism led to rivalry and mistrust amongst European nations

8. The First WORLD War
By the end of 1914, not only Europe was at war, but also all of Europe’s colonies in Asia, Africa and South America.

9. Major Colonies Triple Entente Triple Alliance
France- Vietnam, Parts of Africa
England- Africa, Australia, Hong Kong, India, Canada, S. America
Triple Alliance
Germany- Africa, Parts of Asia

10. Long Term Causes Nationalism- Deep Devotion to One’s Nation
Competition and Rivalry developed between European nations for territory and markets
(Example France and Germany- Alsace-Lorraine)

11. Short-Term Cause June 28th 1914
Assassination of Franz Ferdinand by a Yugoslavian nationalist named Gavrilo Princip.
July 23rd Austria Hungary Presents Serbia with an ultimatum- Orders Serbia to take responsibility for the assassination along with several other very unreasonable demands.
Sparks the “Powder-Keg” of Europe

12. Triple Entente/Triple Alliance Actions
Summer of 1914
Triple Entente/Triple Alliance Actions
July 28th Austria-Hungary declares war on Serbia
July 29th Russia Mobilizes its troops
August 1, 1914 Germany mobilizes troops.
August 2nd Germany declares war on Russia Germany invades Poland and Luxemburg, invasion of France starts

13. Triple Entente/Triple Alliance Actions
Summer of 1914
Triple Entente/Triple Alliance Actions
August 3: Germany declares war on France
August 4: Germany declares war on Belgium and invades it,
August 4:England declares war on Germany
August 5: Austria declares war on Russia and Great Britain

14. Who Declared War on Who? Austria-Hungary Declares War on Serbia
Russia Declares War on Austria Hungary
Germany Declares War on Russia
Germany Declares War on France
Britain Declares War on Germany and Austria Hungary

15. The Two Sides Central Powers Allied Powers Germany Austria-Hungary
Ottoman Empire
Allied Powers
Britain
France
Russia
Italy
Serbia
Belgium

16. New Technology Guns The Machine Gun
It was used by both sides, hundreds of rounds a minute could be shot by one person.
WW1 often called the “war of attrition”
A gradual wearing down of strength through sustained pressure.

17. Machine Guns at Work
The German plan against France was to rush into the country as fast as possible through Belgium: The Schlieffen Plan.
The Machine Gun stopped this plan.

18. Technology: Chemical Weapons
WWI was the first major war to use chemical weapons
Mustard Gas and Chlorine Gas were the two most popular weapons: They caused suffocation, blindness, and death

19. Trench Warfare
Both sides dug long trenches that faced each other. The trenches ran for miles.
From time to time, one side would attempt to cross the “No-Man’s Land” the area in between the trenches.
Trench warfare made WWI extend from a few months of fighting to four years of fighting

20. US Road to War Initial Stance: British Blockade:
Full Neutrality
Since the start of the war we simply provided allies with supplies.
British Blockade:
Did not allow products to leave or enter Germany
German U-Boat Response
Counter to blockade, destroy all boats headed for British shores

21. Sinking of the Lusitania
US Road to War
May 7th 1915
Sinking of the Lusitania

22. 1916 Presidential Election And the Winner is…
Woodrow Wilson
Re-elected because of his strict anti-war rhetoric
“He kept us out of the war”

23. US Road to War The Last Straw
Zimmerman Note
Telegram from a German government official to Mexico
Told Mexico if they joined with the German cause, Germany would help Mexico regain land they lost to the U.S during the Mexican-American War.

24. U.S Road to War Other Factors:
Germany’s Unrestricted Submarine Warfare.
The fall of the Tsarist regime in Russia.
Wilson wanted to make sure the world was safe for democracy by making his presence known in Eastern Europe.
U.S alliance with Britain.
U.S loaned $2 Billion to Britain during the war.

25. US Declares War Senate Declares War April 4th 1917
House of Representatives Declares War April 6th 1917
Wilson’s reasoning for War
make the world “Safe for Democracy”
General John J. Pershing becomes American commander in Europe

26. War on the Homefront World War I as a Total War
All Resources devoted to homefront
Gov’t took over factories to make Military goods
All had to work (Women took place of men in factories)
Rationing- limit consumption of resources/goods necessary for the war effort
Propaganda- one-sided information to keep support for the war

27. Propaganda
Crucial to U.S. participation was the sweeping domestic propaganda campaign.
Committee on Public Information.
Community leaders giving brief carefully scripted pro-war speeches at thousands of public gatherings

28. War on the Homefront
The nation placed a great importance on the role of children.
Teaching them patriotism and national service and asking them to encourage war support and educate the public about the importance of the war.
The Boy Scouts of America helped distribute war pamphlets, helped sell war bonds, and helped to drive nationalism and support for the war.

29. War on the Homefront
The Food Administration launched a massive campaign to teach Americans to economize on their food budgets.
“Victory Gardens” were grown in backyards.(Crops for U.S soldiers)

30. Ending the War 1917-1918 US Enters the War in April of 1917
March 1918 Russia and Germany sign the Treaty of Brest-Litovsk
Peace between new gov’t in Russia and the Central Powers
Germans now focus entirely on Western Front
March of 1918 Germany begins a massive attack on France

31. Ending the War (1918) The Tide Turns
German troops fatigued
U.S had 140,000 “fresh” troops
Central Powers Crumble
Revolutions in the Baltic Region
Ottoman Empire surrenders
German soldiers mutiny, public turns against Kaiser Wilhelm II

32. Ending the War (1918) Kaiser Wilhelm abdicates on November 9th 1918
11th hour of the 11th day of the 11th month in 1918 Germany agrees to a cease-fire
8.5 million soldiers dead
21 million soldiers wounded
Cost of 338 billion dollars

33. Ending the War The Paris Peace Conference
Meeting of the “Big Four” at the Paris Peace Conference
Wilson Proposes his “14 points”
“Big Four” create Treaty of Versailles
War Guilt Clause
Break up of German, Austrian, Russian and Ottoman Empire
Reparations
Legacy of bitterness and betrayal

34. Effects of World War I Cons Pros
World War led to global feelings of pessimism
Global Economic Decline
Intense feelings of animosity amongst nations.
Set the stage for every consecutive war that has occurred since.
Pros
New forms of Art, Literature, Philosophy and Science
(ex. Surrealism, “Lost” Generation, Psychoanalysis, Existentialism)
Dali, Freud, Fitzgerald, Hemmingway, etc

35. John Green on WW1 in the U.S