1. Reading Comprehension Skills
Session No 2
Reading Comprehension Skills

2. Reading
Reading is a complex task which involves both decoding and comprehending the text
Good readers are able to do both of these without much thought or effort, and they use strategies to help them.

3. Reading Comprehension
Reading comprehension refers to the ability to understand information presented in written form.

4. Types of Reading
Skimming
Scanning
Extensive Reading
Intensive Reading

5. What is skimming?
A method of rapidly moving eyes over the text to cover a vast amount of material very rapidly.

6. Why skimming? Prereading Reviewing Reading for gist
Reading for main idea

7. How to skim? Read the title Read the introductory/leading paragraph
Read the first paragraph completely
Sub-headings (relationships among them)
Read the first sentence of remaining paragraphs
Clue words (wh- words)
Unusual words
Enumerations
Qualifying adjectives (best,worst,most)
Typographical cues (italics,boldface,underlining)
Read the final paragraph completely

8. What is scanning?
A method to locate a specific fact or piece of information in a text.

9. Why Scanning?
We scan for finding a specific
name
Date
Statistics
fact

10. How to scan??? Keep in mind what you are searching for
Anticipate the form of information (numbers, proper nouns)
Analyze the organization of the content
If the material is lengthy, skim to determine the part of the article to scan
On finding relevant information, read the entire sentence.

11. Importance of Reading Comprehension Skills for Academic and Professional success

12. Two Types of Reading Comprehensions
Abstract
Concrete
Knowing vocabulary
main idea
fact or opinion
sequencing
following directions
reading for details
It requires ability to answer questions when the information being asked is explicitly stated in the reading selection.
Drawing inference
Making analysis
Involves text evaluation
drawing conclusions
Studying cause and effect
It requires the reader to draw on prior knowledge and processing to identify what is not explicitly stated.

13. Barriers to comprehension
Your Experiences !!!

14. Reasons for Lack of Reading Comprehension
Failure to understand a word
Failure to understand a sentence
Failure to understand how sentences relate to one another
Failure to understand how the information fits together in a meaningful way (organization)
Lack of interest or concentration
Failure to retain information for a long time

15. Effective reading is about making connections…

16. Making Connections
Making connections helps facilitate learning and increase retention
It also enables the reader to make inferences by using their background information to see patterns and make educated guesses about the text
It is helpful for a reader to track his or her thoughts while readings.

17. Text-to-Self Text-to-Text Text-to-World
There are three common connections readers make
Text-to-Self
Text-to-Text
Text-to-World
Students need to practice using connectors (ex: “This part reminds me of…” or “If that happened to me I would…”

18. Common Comprehension Strategies
These are some main strategies readers should use to improve their comprehension:
Predicting
Clarifying
Making Inferences
Summarizing
Questioning
Visualizing
Self-Monitoring

19. How to avoid common issues during reading

20. How to Improve Concentration during Reading
Use index cards, pencil, or finger
Eliminate Distractions
Fix a time for reading every day
Be task oriented (Give your mind a purpose to read)
Read for short intervals
Take notes while reading
60 second synopsis strategy

21. How to Increase Reading Rate
It takes conscious effort to improve reading rate fluency. One must become cognizant of the habits that reduce the rate of reading and then take steps to eliminate those habit.

22. Measuring Reading Rate
To measure one's reading rate, locate appropriate reading materials and select a section of text. Mark the beginning of the selection. Read for a certain length of time (use a timer or watch) or for a certain amount of text. Mark the end of the selection, and note the total number of minutes spent reading.
Document the level of comprehension by recalling main ideas from the selection. If one reads for three minutes, one should remember three main points. If one reads for five minutes, one should remember five main ideas. Jot down these main points.
Count the number of words between the two marks, and divide that number by the number of minutes spent reading. This is the rate of reading, expressed in words per minute (WPM).

23. Increasing Reading Rate
Set a target reading rate at a level slightly higher than the initial reading rate.
Use reading materials that are easy and interesting.
Practice at least 15 minutes each day at the "pushed" rate.
Increase the target rate by small increments as reading improves.
Progress may be charted on a daily grid that plots rate (WPM) and time on the axes.
Document progress for at least two weeks.
Move your eyes faster over the text.
Instead of taking in three words per fixation, take in six words.
Follow the lines with your finger, pen, pencil, or a 3 x 5 index card as you read.
Reduce regressions by raising awareness of them and by improving concentration.

24. TWO GOOD READING STRATEGIES
1. SQ3R
2. Collaborative reading

25. A Good Strategy for Better Reading
SQ3R
Survey
Question
Read
Recite
Review

26. Survey Before you read, Survey the chapter:
the title, headings, and subheadings
captions under pictures, charts, graphs or maps
review questions
introductory and concluding paragraphs
summary

27. Question Question while you are surveying:
Turn the title, headings, and/or subheadings into questions
Ask yourself, "What do I already know about this subject?“
“How can I use this information?”
“What is new for me in this text?”  

28. Read When you begin to Read:
Look for answers to the questions you first raised
Answer questions at the beginning or end of chapters or study guides
Reread captions under pictures, graphs, etc.
Note all the underlined, italicized, bold printed words or phrases
Stop and reread parts which are not clear

29. Recite Recite after you have read a section:
Orally ask yourself questions about what you have just read, or summarize, in your own words, what you read
Take notes from the text but write the information in your own words
Underline or highlight important points you've just read

30. Review
After you have read and recited the entire chapter, write questions in the margins for those points you have highlighted or underlined.
Orally recite or write the answers from memory.
Try to discuss the findings with colleagues

31. Collaborative Reading
Read the given text in group.
Member “A” will be responsible for explaining vocabulary
Member “B” will read the text loud and will explain it to the rest of the members
Member “C” will make 5 questions based on the information given in the text
Give a poster presentation based on your comprehension of the text.

32. Writing process
Make Time line to ensure that you are following the writing process

36. Thank you