1. Topic: Alkanes Do Now: Draw the possible bonds a single carbon atom can have if it has a bonding capacity of 4

2. Alkanes Homologous series of saturated hydrocarbons Release energy when burned C n H 2n+2 – all have this general formula CH 4 H H–C–H H C 2 H 6 H H H–C–C–H H H

3. Saturated hydrocarbons S Saturated hydrocarbons: organic compounds containing only Single bonds – can’t add any more Hydrogens

4. Alkanes (C n H 2n+2 ) C 3 H 8 H H H H–C–C–C–H H H H CH 3 CH 2 CH 3 Chemical Formula Structural Formula Condensed Structural Formula

5. straight-chain alkane C 4 H 10 H H H–C–C–C–C–H H H Or CH 3 CH 2 CH 2 CH 3

6. Naming straight-chain Alkanes Name: describes molecule so can draw it aneane all alkanes have the suffix –ane prefix: tells # of C ’ s

7. 10Dec 9Non 8Oct 7Hept 6Hex 5Pent 4But 3Prop 2Eth 1Meth # of C atoms Prefix C 5 H 12 C 4 H 10 C3H8C3H8 C2H6C2H6 Meth + ane CH 4 NameFormulaEthanePropane Butane Pentane

8. Naming Branched-Chain Alkanes goal of name is to describe molecule so you can draw it

9. Naming branched-chain alkanes longest continuous chain 1.Find longest continuous chain of C atoms - Bends don ’ t matter!

10. 2. base name 2. base name derived from # C ’ s in continuous chain 9 carbon chain =nonane

11. 3. 3. Branches named first and in alphabetical order * to name branches, count # C atoms & add “yl” to prefix name * If more than one of same type of branch - use di, tri, etc. ethyl methyl propyl triethyl, methyl, propyl

12. Assign number to Branches Assign number to Branches based on longest carbon chain * you want numbers to add up to the lowest # ethyl methyl propyl 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 4, 4, 5, 5, 6 = add up = 24

13. Assign number to Branches Assign number to Branches based on longest carbon chain * you want numbers to add up to the lowest # ethyl methyl propyl 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 4, 5, 5, 6, 6 = add up = 26

14. 4. Put it all together. Note, branches are listed in abc order ethyl methyl propyl 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 3. 4, 4, 5, 5, 6 2. triethyl, methyl, propyl 1. nonane nonane4,4,6-triethyl 5-methyl 5-propyl

15. H H–C–H H H–C–C–C–H H H H 2-methyl propane No because if methyl was anywhere else it wouldn’t be propane propane Longest continuous chain has 3 carbon atoms – propane 1 2 3 Methyl propane C 4 H 10 CH 3 CH(CH 3 )CH 3

16. H H–C–H H H H H–C–C–C–C–H H H H H–C–H H 1 43 6 5 2 Longest continuous chain has 5 pentane C atoms: pentane methyl Branch: 1 carbon = methyl ethyl Branch: 12 carbon = ethyl 2 and 3 Branch located at C-2 and 3 3-ethly 2-methyl pentane C 8 H 18 CH 3 CH(CH 3 ) CH(CH 2 CH 3 )CH 2 CH 3