1. Psych 155b: Human Adjustment & Maladjustment Dr. Kimberley Clow SSC 6421 kclow2@uwo.ca http://instruct.uwo.ca/psychology/155b/

2. Read Your Course Outline! Can’t have antirequisites  Psych 150, 251E, 253E, 257E, 350F/G Textbook  Sue, Sue, & Sue (2003). Understanding Abnormal Behaviour. 7 th Edition TA – Jennie Ward  Contact Jennie to go over exams jward9@uwo.ca

3. Evaluation 3 exams  Test1 and Test2 30% each; Non-Cumulative  Final Exam 40%; Cumulative 4 Grading options  Test1 30%; Test2 30%; Final 40%  No Test1; Test2 30%; Final 70%  Test1 30%; no Test2; Final 70%  No Test1; no Test2; Final 100% Your grade is calculated in all 4 ways and I take the option that works BEST for you

4. Lecture Overheads Lecture overheads are available on the class website BEFORE class  Print them out and bring them to class  Spend class time TAKING NOTES on the details I talk about that aren’t in the overheads  The overheads are not a replacement for coming to class Just using the overheads is not sufficient preparation for exams They are tools to help you take BETTER notes; not a replacement for note taking http://instruct.uwo.ca/psychology/155b/

5. Lecture Schedule DateTopicChapter January 5Introduction1 January 12Theoretical Approaches2 January 19Anxiety Disorders5 January 26Mood Disorders11 February 2Test 1 February 9Schizophrenia13 February 16Personality Disorders8 February 23Reading WeekN/A March 1Dissociative Disorders6 March 8Somatoform Disorders6 March 15Test 2 March 22Eating Disorders16 March 29Mental Disorders & Aging15 April 5Law & Ethics18 Exam PeriodFinal Exam

6. Abnormal Psychology The scientific study of abnormal behaviour, with the objective to  Describe  Explain  Predict  Control So what are abnormal behaviours?

7. The Movies…

8. Myths of Abnormal Behaviour The following are common myths about those suffering from mental illness:  Easily recognized as deviant  Disorder due to inheritance  Incurable  Weak willed  Never contribute to society  Always dangerous

9. What is Abnormal Behaviour? Abnormal behaviour departs from some norm and harms the affected individual or others  Conceptual Definitions  Practical Definitions  Surgeon General & DSM-IV Definitions

10. Conceptual Definitions Statistical Deviation Deviations from Ideal Mental Health Multicultural Perspectives  Cultural Universality  Cultural Relativism

11. Practical Definitions The 4 ‘D’s  Discomfort  Deviance  Dysfunction  Danger

12. Surgeon General & DSM-IV “A clinically significant behavioural or psychological syndrome or pattern that occurs in an individual and that is associated with present distress (e.g., a painful symptom) or disability (i.e., impairment in one or more important areas of functioning) or with a significantly increased risk of suffering death, pain, disability, or an important loss of freedom”

13. History Ancient Beliefs  Demonology  Exorcism  Trephining Naturalistic Explanations  Hippocrates  Four Humours Return to the Supernatural  Mass Madness Tarantism  Witchcraft

14. Reforms Humanism  People are sick; not possessed  Need to be treated with dignity Reform Movements  Moral Treatment Shift from prison to hospital Biological View  Organic explanation for abnormal behaviour  Drug revolution

15. Frequency of Mental Disorders

16. Psychology Student Syndrome Many psych students find that the various disorders apply to them  Abnormal behaviour is not qualitatively different from “normal” behaviour  Many of us will exhibit similar symptoms  Behaviours are only problematic when they harm or interfere with your daily functioning  Diagnosing friends and romantic partners may lead to conflict

17. Mental Health Professions Who studies abnormal behaviour?  Clinical Psychologist Ph.D. and internship  Psychiatrist M.D. and internship  School Psychologist M.A. or Ph.D.  Social Worker M.S.W.

18. Who Do People Go See?

19. Diversity & Multiculturalism Social Conditioning  e.g., gender stereotypes Cultural Values  Interpret complaints with culture in mind Sociopolitical Influences  Different experiences affect what is abnormal Bias in diagnosis

20. Diagnosing Abnormal Behaviour Multiaxial approach I. Clinical disorders II. Personality disorders III. General medical conditions IV. Psychosocial & environmental problems V. Level of current functioning

21. An Example of Classification Mark  Axis I: Clinical Disorder Alcohol Abuse  Axis II: Personality Disorder Paranoid  Axis III: General Medical Condition Cirrhosis  Axis IV: Psychosocial & Environmental Problems Problems with primary support group (divorce) Occupational problems  Axis V: Level of Current Functioning 54 (moderate difficulty in social & occupation functioning)

22. Interrater Reliability

23. Issues of Classification Helps  To making treatment decisions  To communicate among clinicians  Research advancing knowledge of disorders diagnosis as a first step to understanding mechanisms and developing treatments Hinders  By stigmatizing patients  Because different labels can mean different things to different people  By biasing how we see the patient  By focusing on one point in the patient’s development Patient may outgrow the label

24. Assessment Observation Self-Report Inventories Biological Measures  Psychophysiological Measures  Neuroimaging Techniques Projective Tests  Rorschach Ink Blots  Thematic Apperception Test (TAT)

25. Rorschach Ink Blots

27. Scoring Look at the following factors  Location  Determinants  Popularity of response  Content  Form Generate hypotheses based on patterns of responses, recurrent themes, and interrelationships among scoring categories

28. Thematic Apperception Test - TAT

30. Interpretation Murray’s concepts  Need  Press  Thema Basic Assumptions  Person is identifying with the protagonist in the story They are projecting their personality onto the protagonist