1. Tanks, Drums, and Vessels Unit 9

2. Learning Objectives TLW be able to describe the following about tanks, drums, and vessels used in the process industry: –Types –Uses –Materials of Construction –Monitoring and Maintenance –Hazards and Mitigations

3. Types Tanks Drums Vessels –Reactors –Distillation columns

4. Tanks, Drums, and Vessels Used for Storing Inputs (Raw Materials) Outputs (Products, Co-Products, Intermediates) Waste Recoverable waste Two types of Storage Tanks Atmospheric Pressurized

5. Materials of Construction Tanks and vessels are usually always made of metal. –Thickness increases as does pressure –Special alloys for corrosives Drums –Metal –Plastic for corrosives, additives –Cardboard - additives –DOT specs

6. Terms for Tanks, Drums, and Vessels Floating Roof Sphere Foam Chamber Sump (Possum Belly) Mixer Gauge Hatch Manway or Manhole Blanket Vapor Recovery Vortex Breaker Baffle Weir Boot

7. Vessels and Pressure Cylinders or drum shaped – generally atmospheric tanks High volatility materials – stored in pressurized tanks Round tanks (sphere) - pressure Bullet and spherical tanks - pressure Hemispheroids – low pressure Spheroids – low pressure

9. Cone roof tank

10. Floating roof tank

12. Foam system Manway Vortex Breaker

16. Nitrogen blanket

18. Tank Symbols

19. Hazards Overfilling Putting in wrong or off spec material Misalignment of blanket system Misalignment of pump system Pulling a vacuum while emptying a tank Overpressuring a tank Static electricity (dust or vapor explosion) Corrosion or mechanical damage

20. Hazards Describe potential impacts of these hazards on last –Individual –Equipment –Production (Quality) –Environment

21. Reactors Where Chemical Reactions Occur –Fixed Bed –Stirred –Fluidized bed reactor –Shell and Tube

22. Fixed Bed Reactor

23. Fixed bed reactor

24. Stirred Reactor

25. Fluidized Bed Reactor

26. Fluidized- Bed Reactor

27. Shell and Tube

28. Dikes, Firewalls and Containment Walls Contain materials Isolate Minimize damage Protect people, assets, and environment

29. Tank Dikes

30. Monitoring and Maintenance Abnormal noise – pinging/popping Abnormal heat Monitor levels and pressures Vibrations – pumps/mixers Check firewalls, sumps and drains, drain valves on dikes - rainfall Odors/leaks Corrosion checks, paint

31. Independent Practice Research project – see handoutsee handout