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RECOMBINANT DNA Introduction. Tools of Genetics: Recombinant DNA and Cloning The New Genetics pp. 38-39 Summarize: How do scientists move genes from one.

Published byCarmella Ryan Modified over 8 years ago

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Presentation on theme: "RECOMBINANT DNA Introduction. Tools of Genetics: Recombinant DNA and Cloning The New Genetics pp. 38-39 Summarize: How do scientists move genes from one."— Presentation transcript:

1 RECOMBINANT DNA Introduction

2 Tools of Genetics: Recombinant DNA and Cloning The New Genetics pp. 38-39 Summarize: How do scientists move genes from one organism to another? Explain the role of restriction enzymes Explain how the DNA fragments are combined Explain the role of cloning in the making of insulin

3 Tools of Genetics If scientists want to separate the gene for insulin, what tools would they use?

4 Tools of Genetics After the insulin gene is isolated, what is the next step?

5 Tools of Genetics What is E.coli? Why and how is it used?

6 Tools of Genetics What is this step? What is needed to make it happen?

7

8 Recombinant DNA (rDNA) Method to create a new DNA molecule by piecing together different DNA molecules When cells accept the rDNA, they will “express” the new genes by making the new proteins Cells are “genetically engineered”

9 A summary of the process: Mechanism of Recombination – YouTube Recombinant DNA ©2004 Demonstratives, Inc. - YouTube

10 Genetically engineered products- using recombinant DNA (rDNA) Why? Products in the body are either: (1) Made in too small quantities (2) Made at the wrong time (3) Lack an important characteristic (4) Can be made in greater quantity for medical use

11 Uses rDNA – proteins made by body in small quantities Insulin (first rDNA product; 1982) Growth hormone Children with insufficient growth hormone or poor kidney function Blood clot prevention (plasminogen activator) Larger quantities used to prevent heart attacks or strokes Blood clotting factor – for hemophilia Gamma interferon – fight cancer growth

12 Genetic Engineering –Recombinant DNA How? Identify a molecule produced by a living organism Isolate the instructions (DNA sequence = gene) Put the instructions into another cell or organism Allow the cell to replicate Harvest the desired product

13 What do we need to learn about to understand how recombinant DNA products? Genes and proteins Bacteria Plasmids – extra ring of DNA Copying cells - Mitosis How are enough protein is made? PCR

14 A more detailed explanation http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=GNMJBMtKKWU&featu re=related http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=GNMJBMtKKWU&featu re=related Plasmids | Genetics | Biology - YouTube

15 The Vector (E. coli bacteria).

16 Chromosome & Plasmid

17

18 Restriction Enzymes Let us analyze the words “Restriction endonuclease” What details is this name telling us? “DNA Ligase”:

19 Restriction Enzyme Restriction map: “When scientists study a DNA molecule, one of the first things they do is to figure out where the restriction sites are. They then create a restriction map, showing the locations of cleavage sites for many different enzymes.”

20 Lambda DNA – Lambda DNA genome: 48,502 base pairs

21 Lambda DNA Sequence CTGTCGTTTCCTTTCTCTGTTTTTGTCCGTGGAATGAACAATGGAAGTCA ACAAAAAGCAGCTGGCTGACATTTTCGGTGCGAGTATCCGTACCATTCAG AACTGGCAGGAACAGGGAATGCCCGTTCTGCGAGGCGGTGGCAAGGGTAA TGAGGTGCTTTATGACTCTGCCGCCGTCATAAAATGGTATGCCGAAAGGG ATGCTGAAATTGAGAACGAAAAGCTGCGCCGGGAGGTTGAAGAACTGCGG CAGGCCAGCGAGGCAGATCTCCAGCCAGGAACTATTGAGTACGAACGCCA TCGACTTACGCGTGCGCAGGCCGACGCACAGGAACTGAAGAATGCCAGAG ACTCCGCTGAAGTGGTGGAAACCGCATTCTGTACTTTCGTGCTGTCGCGG ATCGCAGGTGAAATTGCCAGTATTCTCGACGGGCTCCCCCTGTCGGTGCA GCGGCGTTTTCCGGAACTGGAAAACCGACATGTTGATTTCCTGAAACGGG ATATCATCAAAGCCATGAACAAAGCAGCCGCGCTGGATGAACTGATACCG GGGTTGCTGAGTGAATATATCGAACAGTCAGGTTAACAGGCTGCGGCATT TTGTCCGCGCCGGGCTTCGCTCACTGTTCAGGCCGGAGCCACAGACCGCC GTTGAATGGGCGGATGCTAATTACTATCTCCCGAAAGAATCCGCATACCA GGAAGGGCGCTGGGAAACACTGCCCTTTCAGCGGGCCATCATGAATGCGA TGGGCAGCGACTACATCCGTGAGGTGAATGTGGTGAAGTCTGCCCGTGTC GGTTATTCCAAAATGCTGCTGGGTGTTTATGCCTACTTTATAGAGCATAA GCAGCGCAACACCCTTATCTGGTTGCCGACGGATGGTGATGCCGAGAACT TTATGAAAACCCACGTTGAGCCGACTATTCGTGATATTCCGTCGCTGCTG GCGCTGGCCCCGTGGTATGGCAAAAAGCACCGGGATAACACGCTCACCAT GAAGCGTTTCACTAATGGGCGTGGCTTCTGGTGCCTGGGCGGTAAAGCGG CAAAAAACTACCGTGAAAAGTCGGTGGATGTGGCGGGTTATGATGAACTT GCTGCTTTTGATGATGATATTGAACAGGAAGGCTCTCCGACGTTCCTGGG TGACAAGCGTATTGAAGGCTCGGTCTGGCCAAAGTCCATCCGTGGCTCCA CGCCAAAAGTGAGAGGCACCTGTCAGATTGAGCGTGCAGCCAGTGAATCC CCGCATTTTATGCGTTTTCATGTTGCCTGCCCGCATTGCGGGGAGGAGCA GTATCTTAAATTTGGCGACAAAGAGACGCCGTTTGGCCTCAAATGGACGC CGGATGACCCCTCCAGCGTGTTTTATCTCTGCGAGCATAATGCCTGCGTC ATCCGCCAGCAGGAGCTGGACTTTACTGATGCCCGTTATATCTGCGAAAA GACCGGGATCTGGACCCGTGATGGCATTCTCTGGTTTTCGTCATCCGGTG AAGAGATTGAGCCACCTGACAGTGTGACCTTTCACATCTGGACAGCGTAC AGCCCGTTCACCACCTGGGTGCAGATTGTCAAAGACTGGATGAAAACGAA AGGGGATACGGGAAAACGTAAAACCTTCGTAAACACCACGCTCGGTGAGA CGTGGGAGGCGAAAATTGGCGAACGTCCGGATGCTGAAGTGATGGCAGAG CGGAAAGAGCATTATTCAGCGCCCGTTCCTGACCGTGTGGCTTACCTGAC CGCCGGTATCGACTCCCAGCTGGACCGCTACGAAATGCGCGTATGGGGAT GGGGGCCGGGTGAGGAAAGCTGGCTGATTGACCGGCAGATTATTATGGGC CGCCACGACGATGAACAGACGCTGCTGCGTGTGGATGAGGCCATCAATAA AACCTATACCCGCCGGAATGGTGCAGAAATGTCGATATCCCGTATCTGCT GGGATACTGGCGGGATTGACCCGACCATTGTGTATGAACGCTCGAAAAAA CATGGGCTGTTCCGGGTGATCCCCATTAAAGGGGCATCCGTCTACGGAAA GCCGGTGGCCAGCATGCCACGTAAGCGAAACAAAAACGGGGTTTACCTTA CCGAAATCGGTACGGATACCGCGAAAGAGCAGATTTATAACCGCTTCACA CTGACGCCGGAAGGGGATGAACCGCTTCCCGGTGCCGTTCACTTCCCGAA TAACCCGGATATTTTTGATCTGACCGAAGCGCAGCAGCTGACTGCTGAAG AGCAGGTCGAAAAATGGGTGGATGGCAGGAAAAAAATACTGTGGGACAGC AAAAAGCGACGCAATGAGGCACTCGACTGCTTCGTTTATGCGCTGGCGGC GCTGCGCATCAGTATTTCCCGCTGGCAGCTGGATCTCAGTGCGCTGCTGG CGAGCCTGCAGGAAGAGGATGGTGCAGCAACCAACAAGAAAACACTGGCA GATTACGCCCGTGCCTTATCCGGAGAGGATGAATGACGCGACAGGAAGAA CTTGCCGCTGCCCGTGCGGCACTGCATGACCTGATGACAGGTAAACGGGT GGCAACAGTACAGAAAGACGGACGAAGGGTGGAGTTTACGGCCACTTCCG TGTCTGACCTGAAAAAATATATTGCAGAGCTGGAAGTGCAGACCGGCATG ACACAGCGACGCAGGGGACCTGCAGGATTTTATGTATGAAAACGCCCACC ATTCCCACCCTTCTGGGGCCGGACGGCATGACATCGCTGCGCGAATATGC CGGTTATCACGGCGGTGGCAGCGGATTTGGAGGGCAGTTGCGGTCGTGGA ACCCACCGAGTGAAAGTGTGGATGCAGCCCTGTTGCCCAACTTTACCCGT GGCAATGCCCGCGCAGACGATCTGGTACGCAATAACGGCTATGCCGCCAA CGCCATCCAGCTGCATCAGGATCATATCGTCGGGTCTTTTTTCCGGCTCA GTCATCGCCCAAGCTGGCGCTATCTGGGCATCGGGGAGGAAGAAGCCCGT GCCTTTTCCCGCGAGGTTGAAGCGGCATGGAAAGAGTTTGCCGAGGATGA CTGCTGCTGCATTGACGTTGAGCGAAAACGCACGTTTACCATGATGATTC GGGAAGGTGTGGCCATGCACGCCTTTAACGGTGAACTGTTCGTTCAGGCC ACCTGGGATACCAGTTCGTCGCGGCTTTTCCGGACACAGTTCCGGATGGT CAGCCCGAAGCGCATCAGCAACCCGAACAATACCGGCGACAGCCGGAACT GCCGTGCCGGTGTGCAGATTAATGACAGCGGTGCGGCGCTGGGATATTAC GTCAGCGAGGACGGGTATCCTGGCTGGATGCCGCAGAAATGGACATGGAT And 10 pages more 21

22 If we are using the restriction enzymes

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