1. Pavlovian Conditioning: Basic Concepts
Chapter 4

2. Did you know that:
Pavlov viewed classical conditioning as a technique for studying the brain.
Classical Conditioning is not limited to glandular and visceral responses
The conditioned response is not always like the unconditoned response.
Conditioned stimuli become part of the behavior system activated by the unconditioned stimulus.
Pavlovain conditioning often involves S-S learning rather than S-R learning.
Which stimulus can serve as a conditioned stimulus in conditioning dependson the unconditioned stimulus that is used
Associative learning is possible in the random control procedure
Pavlovian conditioning is involved in a wide range of behaviors including preferences and aversions, fears and phobias, drug tolerance and addiction, and maternal and sexual behavior

3. Pavlov’s Proverbial Bell
Unconditoned Stimulus (US)
Unconditioned Response (UR)
Conditioned Stimulus (CS)
Conditioned Response (CR)
Tone
(CS)
Food
(US)
Salivation
(UR) CR

4. Pavlov’s Proverbial Bell
Some common misunderstandings about Pavlovian Conditioning
Ivan Pavlov used a bell in his experiments to condition his dogs
Classical conditioning primarily involves the modification of visceral and glandular responses
A UR and a CR need to be the same
What an animal learns in an Pavlovian Conditioning procedure is an association between S-R
Control can be best achieved by random control procedure

5. Contemporary Pavlovian Conditioning Preparations
APETTITIVE CONDITIONING
Appetitive conditioning preparations are used if the unconditioned stimulus is desirable or appetitive like food.
Skinner box
Autoshaping
Sign Tracking
Head jerking and rearing
So, it is not all about visceral and glandualr responses

6. Contemporary Pavlovian Conditioning Preparations
AVERSIVE CONDITIONING
Aversive conditioning preparations are used if the unconditioned stimulus is an unpleasant or aversive event
Eye-blink conditioning
Conditoned suppression
Fear Conditioning
Taste Aversion
Fear and amygdala

7. The Nature of the Conditioned Response
Skeletal vs Glandular Conditioned Responses
Sign tracking / Autoshaping
Eye blink repsonse
Freezing behavior
head-jerk and rearing responses
Similarity of Conditioned and Unconditoned Responses
Jumping (UR) vs Freezing (CR)
The Behavioral System Approach
The conditoned response that develops depends on how the conditioned stimulus becomes incorporated into the behavior system activated by the US
US represeantations

8. The Contents of Pavlovian Conditioning
EFFECTS OF US DEVALUATION
EFFECTS OF US INFLATION CS CR
S-R Learning
US Representation
S-S Learning

9. Stimulus Factors in Classical Conditioning
ATTENTIONAL PROCESSES
CS NOVELTY AND THE LATENT INHIBITION
Phase I (CS Preexposure phase) Phase II Test
Exp. CS-alone CS-US CS
Cont X CS-US CS
CS-US RELEVANCE AND SELECTIVE ASSOCIATIONS
“Effectiveness of a CS depends on the US that is employed”
Garcia Effect