1. Introduction to Green IT February 11, 2010 Bellevue Community College Seminar

2. Agenda  Problem/Background  What is Green IT? Energy Efficient IT Architecture Advanced Power and Cooling Integration with Building and Landscape Architecture Using IT to enhance environmental education and responsibility Using IT to save energy  Green IT Alliance Projects Thin-Client Computer Lab Grid Computer Project Solar/Wind Projects Ornamental Cooling Pond/Living Roof Interpretive Walk

3. 1 large, 100,000 sq ft Datacenter  30MW Power Consumption Equivalent Power Consumption of 60,000 individuals Equivalent CO 2 Output of 6,700 Households or 23,000 cars Annual Power Bill ~$5.3M @ $0.02/kWhr (Quincy) ~$12.7M @ $0.05/kWhr (Eastern Washington) ~$22.3M @ $0.09/kWhr (National Average) ~$31.8M @ $0.12/kWhr (Green Power Average) Wild Horse Wind Farm, ~ 230MW Peak, 100 MW average ~ 8,600 Acre Range, 167 Acre Turbine Area, $380 Million Investment Solar @ $6/Watt, 30MW with Eastern Washington insolation ~ 300 Acres of Panel Area, $1.1B investment! Data Center Problem

4. Background  Washington State Governor’s Agenda Priorities supportive of Clean Technology Initiatives and Job Growth  I-937, LEED for Gov Bldgs, Bio-Diesel Initiatives, etc.  National Recognition of Huge Problem associated with Energy Demands for Power/Cooling of IT Infrastructure  Fastest Growing Segment of Energy Demand  Green Building/Sustainable Architecture is a Major National Thrust  Very Little Effort to Address IT Infrastructure  Ground Floor Opportunity Exists to Take a Leadership Position in Integrating Green IT Technologies into Green Building Practices

5. Pullman IPZ  Pullman IPZ Strategy is to Focus on collaborative projects in the following areas Green IT Clean Technology Alternative Energy Sustainable Architecture  Execute High Profile Projects that Create Future Economic Opportunity Foster Innovation and Collaboration among the IPZ Partners Prioritize based upon Future Business Growth Potential

6. Technical Emphasis Areas  Energy Efficient IT Hardware/Software/ Network Architecture  Virtualization/Grid Computing/Thin Client  Power and Cooling Infrastructure  SprayCool/DC Distribution/Power Aware  Integration into Building/landscape Architecture  Modular Data Centers, Cooling Pond/Radiant Floor Heat/Green Power

7. Projects  IT Architecture  Thin Client/Virtualization Training Lab  Workgroup Cluster Energy Productivity  Advanced Power and Cooling  Renewable Energy Powered IT Solar Project Wind Project  Server Power and Cooling Liquid Cooling/Waste Heat Re-Use DC Distribution  Integration with Bldg and Landscape Architecture  Ornamental Cooling Ponds  Living Roofs  Interpretive Walk/Wetland Restoration

8. 8 Problem Statement Why Data Centers?  Highly energy-intensive and rapidly growing  Consume 10 to 100 times more energy per square foot than a typical office building  Large potential impact on electricity supply and distribution  Used about 45 billion kWh in 2005  At current rates, power requirements could double in 5 years.

9. 9  Lack of efficiency definitions for equipment and data centers ( Being addressed by www.thegreengrid.org )  Service output difficult to measure, varies among applications  Need for metrics and more data: How do we account for computing performance?  Split incentives  Disconnect between IT and facilities managers  Risk aversion  Fear of change and potential downtime; energy efficiency perceived as a change with uncertain value and risk Key Barriers EPA Report: Call for Pilot Projects, Test Centers, Federal Leadership by example

10. 10 Energy Efficiency Opportunities Server Load/ Computing Operations Cooling Equipment Power Distribution & Conversions

11. 11 Data Center Energy Use Typical Data Center Energy End Use Server Load /Computing Operations Cooling Equipment Power Conversions & Distribution 100 Units 33 Units Delivered 35 Units

12. 12 Typical Energy Flow/Use Server Load/ Computing Operations Cooling Equipment Power Conversion & Distribution Delivered Power Electricity Generation & Transmission Losses Fuel Burned at Power Plant

13. 13 Will reduce cooling needs Typical Energy Flow/Use Server Load/ Computing Operations Cooling Equipment Power Conversion & Distribution Reducing server power requirements Lowering power conversion losses Electricity Generation & Transmission Losses Delivered Electricity …ultimately reducing fuel burned at the power plant Reducing power demand and losses Fuel Burned at Power Plant On-Site Generation further reduces losses and emissions!

14. 14 Server Load/ Computing Operations Cooling Equipment Power Conversion & Distribution Alternative Power Generation High voltage distribution Use of DC power Highly efficient UPS systems Efficient redundancy strategies Load management Server innovation Energy Efficiency Opportunities Better air management Move to liquid cooling Optimized chilled-water plants Use of free cooling On-site generation CHP applications Waste heat for cooling Use of renewable energy Fuel cells

15. Thin Client Training Lab Thin Client UPS Server Meter Standard PC UPS Server Meter

20. Thin-Client Cluster Monitoring

21. Thin Client Testing  Tested two exciting new Architectures  “Cloud Computing Model Managed desktop, reboot to restore, hosted model ~70% energy reduction, 25% installed cost reduction  X550 “Five head Graphics Adapter style Standard Windows PC architecture\ Transparent to user ~70% energy reduction, 60% installed cost reduction  Both Solar power compatible

22. IT Metering/Energy Productivity

23. Energy Productivity

24. Energy Use by Application Average Utilization (44.98%)

25. Green Grid Computer  Supercomputer Cluster up!  WSU paid for fiber connection between WSU and GITA  GITA bought additional switch gear to create “grid cluster”  WSU Added nodes with user demand  Future Directions  Add long-haul connections between other campuses and PNNL  Add advanced architectures

26. Green Grid Cluster

27. Expanded Cluster

28. Thin Client Training Lab Thin Client UPS Server Meter Standard PC UPS Server Meter

29. Renewable Energy Powered Enterprise IT Concepts  Use Renewable Energy as part of mission critical power infrastructure for Enterprise IT Networks  Test Grid-Tie Systems with Battery Back-up to act as the UPS/Back-Up Generation for Enterprise IT Infrastructure  Test Thin-Client Architectures with DC Distribution and Battery Back-UP

30. Project Objectives  Solar/Wind Project  Install Real Time Weather Monitoring Wind Speed, Direction, Incident Solar Radiation, Temperature, Humidity, Pressure, etc.  Install All Solar and Wind System Compare Power Distribution Architectures Integrate Smart Grid Technology Create Test Lab for Technical/Economic Assessment Conduct Education/Outreach and Business Development  Power Data Center/Plug-In Vehicle Charging Metered Power/Secure Identification Auto-Connect (Bluetooth or RFID??)

31. Renewable Energy Project

32. Cut out 5 conversion steps, should improve efficiency by 50% or more Traditional Installation ~ $11,000/Server Installation Cost Proposed Installation ~ $6,700/Server Installation Cost*

33. Architecture Option

34. Preliminary Results

35.  Testing Direct Server Coupling  ~2-3% Efficiency Gain  ~50% Installation Cost Reduction  Testing UPS DC Operating Characteristics/Efficiency Preliminary Results

36. Project Updates  Solar Project Progress  Procured 54 Solar Panels, Outback Inverter, Battery Backup System  Tested three architectures new architectures Direct Server Coupling at high voltage Low voltage distribution for client terminals Grid-tie with battery back-up installed as Server rack UPS  Installation Underway  Issues/Risks  Code compliance for new architectures/UL Certification of designs, new components

37. Traditional Architecture UPS Standard PC Clients

38. Grid-Tie Solar as IT UPS Battery Back-Up Charge Controller Grid-Tie Inverter

39. DC Thin Client Architecture Battery Back-Up Charge Controller Grid-Tie Inverter Charger 4 to 8 times Less Power than Standard PC’s

40. Solar PC Cluster

41. Solar Installation

42. Metered Charging

43. Advanced Liquid Cooling  The use of liquid cooling of servers enables reductions in power by rejecting heat directly outside into ornamental cooling ponds, or the re-use of heat for office heating in the winter.

44. Ornamental Cooling Ponds Traditional Approach Replace Tower with Pond, in Summer. In Winter, re-use Heat for Office Spaces

45. Ornamental Cooling Pond

46.  Water Line      HEAT Server Heat Re-Use

47. Wind Power

48. Weather Monitoring and Data Collection

49. Living Roof

50. Interpretive Walk Restoration Self Contained Solar Power Kiosk

51. Rural Broadband Wireless Access/Subscriber Computing Partners Green IT Alliance Integration, Power Testing Galexis Technologies Wireless System Design/Integration/Service First Step Internet ISP Safedesk Low Power Computer Platform Green Wireless

52. Interpretive Walk Restoration Solar Powered Irrigation System

53. Conclusions  Green IT  IT is a major power consumer  A significant percentage of the power is wasted  Opportunities exist to dramtically improve IT energy efficiency  IT can be a very beneficial part of the Green movement