1. The Writing Process From topic to paragraph englishuphson@gmail.com

2. Learning Targets Process of paragraph writing – Brainstorming for ideas – Grouping ideas – Choosing and narrowing a main idea – Listing and organizing supporting details Outlining

3. The Writing Process Good writers go through several steps to produce effective piece of writing Pre- Writing Drafting Reviewing & Revising Rewriting Phase 1 Phase 2 Phase 3Phase 4 Adapted from: Zemach, Dorothy E, and Lisa A Rumisek, Academic Writing, from Paragraph to Essay, p. 3 1: Choose a topic 2: Gather ideas 3: Organize ideas (outlining) 4: Write first draft 5: Review content & structure 6: Revise 7: Proofreading 8. Make final correction

4. The Writing Process Pre-writing Phase Step 1: Choose a topic Step 2: Gather ideas Step 3: Organize ideas (outlining) Drafting Phase Step 4: Write first draft Reviewing and Revising Step 5: Review content and structure Step 6: Revise Step 7: Proofreading Rewriting Step 8: Make final correction

5. Step 1: Choose a topic Most paragraphs are five to ten sentences long, or at the most 15 sentences long.

6. Choosing and narrowing a topic Choose a topic that is just right (NOT too narrow nor too broad) to write one paragraph. Which one? 1.The address of my university 2.My University 3.My favorite place in campus

7. Try this! Which topics are just write to write a paragraph of 10 – 15 sentences? 1.The number of population in Jakarta 2.My good friends in campus 3.The ages of my brothers and sisters 4.The most important benefit of driving a motorbike to campus

8. Narrowing down topics Work with a partner or a small group. Choose one of the following topics. List as many ideas as you can in five minutes.

9. Bangkok Wow—I have never seen so many motorcycles in one place! Almost everybody gets around on a motorbike. They go to school, campus, office, even to the malls by motorbike. Almost half of the streets here are packed with motorbikes. You have to watch for them when driving here. They often cut in front of you without notice. Perhaps, I will think twice before deciding to drive here.

10. Outline What’s the topic? What’s the topic sentence? What are the supporting ideas? What are the supporting details? What is the concluding sentence?

11. Outline Topic: Amazing number of motorbike in Bangkok Topic sentence: I have never seen so many motorcycles in one place. Supporting idea 1: Almost everybody rides a motorbike Supporting idea 2: Watch for the motorbike when driving here.

12. Outline Supporting idea 1: Almost everybody rides a motorbike Supporting detail 1: Go everywhere by motorbike Supporting detail 2: Streets are full with motorbikes

13. Outline Supporting idea 2: Watch for the motorbike when driving here. Supporting detail 1: They cut in front of your Supporting detail 2: Think twice before driving here

14. Outline Concluding sentence: Perhaps, I will think twice before deciding to drive here

15. Try this! Choose one topic Narrow down the topic until it is just right to write a paragraph. Then make an outline. Tokyo, Japan

16. Outline Topic? Topic sentence?____________________ Supporting idea 1.____________________ - Supporting detail? Supporting idea 2.____________________ - Supporting detail? Supporting idea 3.____________________ - Supporting detail? Closing? ___________________

17. Write First Draft Write a paragraph based on the outline that you’ve developed.

18. Reviewing and Revising Review content & structure Revise Proofreading

19. Rewriting Rewrite the revised paragraph to produce final draft.