1. Sustainable Waste Management Waste to Energy and its Potential to Mitigate GHG Emissions By: Lodewijk Nell Date: 25 March 2015 Occasion:Joburg Waste Summit

2. 2 EcoMetrix Africa is one of Southern Africa’s leading companies in the field of carbon management, carbon trading and the implementation of low carbon technologies. EcoMetrix provides carbon services along three distinct service lines, leveraging its unmatched global and domestic experience and track record in the field of: EcoMetrix has successfully delivered and engaged with a wide range of South African and global companies, among which: Carbon Management ‘Improving a company’s carbon and energy performance’ Carbon Financing & Energy Policies ‘Improving business cases securing benefits from carbon credits and other incentives’ Energy Technologies ‘Introducing low carbon technologies and energy efficiency to Southern Africa’ Introduction EcoMetrix Africa

3. 3 Sustainable Waste Management – The Challenge / Opportunity Energy Recovery – Biogas Production Example – Northern Water Works Biogas Advantages and Challenges Outlook Agenda

4. 4 The Common Waste Challenge: Shift from a collection and disposal dominated waste hierarchy to a waste minimization and recycling dominated hierarchy. Reduce, re-use and recycle are preferred options both cost-wise as well as looking at the carbon mitigation impact.

5. 5 Several industrialized countries have implemented policies and regulations promoting this shift successfully up to the extent that landfilling is reduced to levels below 20% and recycling increased up to a level above 45%. South Africa is still only at the beginning of this shift. (including composting and digestion)

6. 6 Within Energy Recovery, Biogas is gaining momentum with the first Landfill Gas and Anaerobic Digestion projects and interest/stakeholder groups like SABVIA and the National Biogas Platform emerging. Bio2Watts Bronkhorstspruit Anaerobic Digestion / Electricity Generation Joburg Water Northern Water Works Anaerobic Digestion / Combined Heat Power CoJ and Ener-G Systems Robinson Deep Landfill Gas Collection / Electricity Generation When avoiding methane emissions and using it as energy the mitigation benefit is two-fold: Destruction of methane: 1 molecule of CH4 is equivalent to 21 molecules CO2 Offsetting coal based electricity (use of biogas): about 1 ton CO2 per 1000 kWh Equivalent mitigation by CH4 destruction: 500 Nm3 biogas = 300 Nm3 CH4 x 21 x 0.7 kg/m3 = 4.4 tCO2-e

7. 7 Project Example - Northern Water Works 430 million litres of sewage/day Current project: Four digesters refurbished Three CHP units installed Up to 1.1 MW electricity for own use Total potential: 40,000 Nm3/day biogas Around 4 MW electricity * 60% Methane Content Assumed

8. 8 Various Biogas Sources which vary widely in characteristics (e.g. volume, quality, current use) and requirements (e.g. critical mass, pricing) when developing viable project models. Biogas Sources Municipal Solid Waste Waste Water Agricultural Waste Forestry Waste Animal Residues Industrial Residues

9. 9 Biogas from Waste is generally in competition with alternative use (no real waste) and when converted into energy a decision needs to be made with respect to how to deploy the energy produced, whether internally or externally and in which form heat/electricity/fuel. South Africa’s Mitigation Policies – Transport / Biogas Bio “Waste” Waste Sold to others PowerHeat Fuel Heat/Power Internal Use PowerHeat Fuel Heat/Power External Use e.g. as a fuel for boilers

10. 10 Waste to Biogas has considerable advantages: Renewable source Reduces need for landfilling Clean natural biological process Creation of jobs But will require public and private efforts to grow a credible market: Mobilization of dispersed and heterogeneous resources. Lack of data about waste sources. Regulatory barriers e.g. wheeling electricity via the grid, revenue generation by municipalities Overall Theoretical Potential CoJ Municipal Waste: 4,110 t/d equal to a max. of 200-400,000 Nm3/day biogas CoJ Waste Water: 95,000 Nm3/day biogas What about practical? What will we use if for? Outlook

11. 11 Contact Details EcoMetrix Africa (Pty) Ltd.  info@ecometrix.co.za  011 44 77 892  www.ecometrix.co.za  3rd Floor, The Travel House 4-6 Hood Street, Rosebank Johannesburg, 2196

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