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Published byMercy Robertson Modified over 8 years ago
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Epidemiology Of Dental Caries
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Dental Caries DDental caries is an infectious, communicable disease resulting in destruction of tooth structure by acid-forming bacteria found in dental plaque, in the presence of sugar
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Concepts of caries etiology Time Tooth Microorganism Substrate
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Current concepts of Dental Caries The development of dental caries is a dynamic process of demineralization of the dental hard tissues by the products of bacterial metabolism, alternating with periods of remineralization
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Cyclic Process of Decay Demineralization Remineralization Bacteria plus food makes the saliva very acidic within 5 minutes Saliva is normal 30 minutes after eating
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Demineralization / Remineralization
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Demineralization / Remineralization
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Continuo……. Etiology of dental caries: Tooth susceptibility Bacterial plaque Carbohydrates Oral sugar clearance Time Saliva flow & pH
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Continuo……. Epidemiology of dental caries: Host Factors Age Sex Race Emotional disturbance
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Agent Factors * Streptococcus mutans…………….initiation of dental caries mutans plus sucrose reduces the pH in the plaque to a critical level of 5.0-5.5, which can overcome the buffering capacity of saliva and result in demineralization of enamel * Lactobacillus ……………progression of dental caries Lactobacillus counts are significantly higher in patients with open caries lesions
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Environmental factors sunshine temperature fluoride nutrition social factors oral environment
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Dental caries Crown cariesRoot caries
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Occlusal caries
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Smooth surface
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acute arrested
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Continuo……. Dental caries of primary teeth: Sequence of caries in primary dentition is as follows: *mandibular molars followed by maxillary molars, followed by maxillary anterior teeth. * Proximal caries progress more rapidly than occlusal caries and cause higher percentage of pulp exposure. * Caries in lower incisors is unusual except in rampant caries.
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Dental caries of permanent teeth: 1- Mandibular first and second molars. 2- Maxillary first and second molars. 3- Mandibular second premolars, maxillary first and second premolars, maxillary centrals and laterals. 4- Maxillary canines and mandibular first premolars. 5- Mandibular centrals, lateral incisors and canines.
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ASSESSMENT OF DENTAL CARIES Counts : Number of persons involved by the disease(presence or absence). Proportion : The prevalence of the disease can express as percentage Number per 1oo persons
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Rates : Stander unit of population is often used - 1:1000 (10,100,100,10.000……) Intensity: Or severity by using an index
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What is the index ? Is a graduated numerical scale with definite upper and lower limits describing the relative status of a population. Irreversible………… caries Reversible……………. gingivitis
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MEASUREMENT OF DENTAL CARIES 1- Methods of examination Type 1………… mirror,probe, full mouth x-ray, study model, illumination ( complete examination) Type 2………… mirror,probe, bitewing x-ray, illumination Type 3………… mirror,probe, illumination Type 4…………, tongue depressor, illumination (screening)
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Diagnostic criteria - WHO criteria - White spots - Discoloured,rough areas, softening, undermining
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Indices for dental caries For permanent teeth : DMF index D……………. Decayed M ……………. Missed F ……………....Filled ( DMFT) OR ( DMFS)
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For primary teeth: - def index - dmf index - df index
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Number of d + m + f surfaces dmfs Index = ——————————— Total number of primary teeth Number of d + m + f tooth dmf Index = ——————————— Total number of primary teeth
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