1. Energy Harvesting Wireless Sensors for Greenhouse/Climate Control Applications Cory Ross (100684747) Evan Geiger (100769090) Husam Albeldawi (100810274) Cameron Barr (100794128) Supervisor: Niall Tait

2. Agenda MOTIVATION AND OBJECTIVE MANAGEMENT AND DISTRIBUTION OF LABOUR COMPONENT CONSTRUCTION AND APPLICATION SENSORS CO 2 SENSOR HUMIDITY/TEMPERATURE SENSORS MICROCONTROLLER COMMUNICATION/INTERCONNECT PC INTERFACING POWER STORAGE AND CHARGE CONTROL

3. THE UNIT! Block Diagram here

4. Motivation Wide Variety of Applications in many locations requiring dynamic and versatile environmental monitoring and control Especially effective: Retrofitting Old Environmental Controls in Existing Buildings Warehouse/Storage monitoring Greenhouse condition monitoring

5. Management and Distribution of Labour Sensor Network and Microcontroller Programming Node Communication PC Interface and Power Systems Design and Construction of a CO 2 Sensor

10. NDIR Spectrum [1] Steven Lord. Gemini Observatory. http://www.astronomy.ohiostate.edu/~pogge/Ast161/Unit5/Images/atmos_nirtran.png. Accessed Sept 23,2012.

11. Sensors: CO 2 [2] Buchner, R., et al.: Proceedings of the 14th annual conference on commercializing micro- and nanotechnology (COMS2009). 2009. Copenhagen.

13. Sensors: Humidity and Temperature TMP275 Temperature Sensor Low power Digital output, onboard 12-bit ADC HIH-5030 Humidity Sensor low voltage, low power operation analog output, 0.5% R.H. Accuracy [4] [3] http://www.ti.com/product/tmp275 [4] http://sensing.honeywell.com/product%20page?pr_id=44871 [3]

14. Microcontroller Silicon labs 8051F996DK “Ultra-Low” power microcontroller development kit 150 µA/MHz in active mode 300 nA sleep mode Onboard 12 bit ADC 17 port I/O [3] http://www.silabs.com/Support%20Documents/TechnicalDocs/C8051F996-DK.pdf [3]

16. Communication Point-to-Point Network Topology ZigBee Protocol [5] Faludi, Robert. Wireless Sensor Networks. 1st Edition. Sebastopol: O'Reilly Media, 2011. Print.

17. Radio Frequency Transceiver XBee-Pro S2 with Integrated Chip Antenna High Performance, Low Power, Low Cost 295mA Tx Current, 45mA Rx Current (@ 3.3V) Indoor Range up to 90m Receiver Sensitivity of -102 dBm [6] XBee Pro Series 2 Chip Antenna. 2012. MindKits, Auckland. Web. 11 March 2013.

18. Communication Serial Interface Protocol: Application Programming Interface (API) Transmit Power Output of Data is +17dBm [7] "XBee/XBee-PRO ZB RF Modules." Digi International Inc. N.p. Web. 11 March 2013.

20. PC Interface Responsible for processing and displaying received data [8] Devon. Xbee API Packet, Home Automation System - An engineering project. June 5, 2012. www.theskyway.net/en/home-automation-system-an-engineering-project-ee5 (accessed March 10, 2013).

21. PC Interface Written in Python Modules used: Matplotlib for plotting Tkinter for graphics PIL for imaging PySerial for data acquisition Data processing done here as much as possible to reduce MC power consumption

22. PC Interface

24. Charge Control/Storage Circuit Voltage Regulator – TI LP2951 High accuracy output (1.4% at 25 C) Steady over Temperature (2%) Adjustable output Wide input range Low Dropout

25. Charge Control/Storage Circuit

31. Rechargeable Batteries Used for charge storage Can store much more charge and are more stable than capacitors 1.2V 2500 mAh C-Cells used Ni-Metal Hydride

32. Energy Harvesting Typical Solar Cell can provide needed 6V input IXOLAR Mono Solar Cell 42mm x 35mm 6.3V Output, 50mA Short Circuit Current

33. Thank You For Your Time!

34. References [1] Steven Lord. Gemini Observatory. http://www.astronomy.ohiostate.edu/~pogge/Ast161/Unit5/Images/atmos_nirtran.p ng. Accessed Sept 23,2012. [2] Buchner, R., et al.: Proceedings of the 14th annual conference on commercializing micro- and nanotechnology (COMS2009). 2009. Copenhagen. [3] http://www.ti.com/product/tmp275 [4] http://sensing.honeywell.com/product%20page?pr_id=44871 [5] Faludi, Robert. Wireless Sensor Networks. 1st Edition. Sebastopol: O'Reilly Media, 2011. Print. [6] XBee Pro Series 2 Chip Antenna. 2012. MindKits, Auckland. Web. 11 March 2013. [7] "XBee/XBee-PRO ZB RF Modules." Digi International Inc.. N.p.. Web. 11 March 2013. [8] Devon. Xbee API Packet, Home Automation System - An engineering project. June 5, 2012. www.theskyway.net/en/home-automation-system-an-engineering- project-ee5 (accessed March 10, 2013).