1. Relative Clauses + Relative Pronouns

2. 1. Look at the two sentences below.
The village that I go to for my holidays has a very healthy climate
Mrs Smith, who you met on the train, is a nurse.
2. Identify the relative pronouns.

3. 1. Look at the two sentences below.
The village that I go to for my holidays has a very healthy climate
Mrs Smith, who you met on the train, is a nurse.
2. Identify the relative pronouns.

4. 3. Complete the following sentences with a relative pronoun?
The children ___ / ____ you’ve been talking to all go to the same school.
Have you still got the book ____ / ____ I lent you.
That’s the restaurant ____ / __ ____ we had our first date.
Students ____ / ____ eat a good breakfast often do better in school.
They are the people _____ house was broken into last night.

5. 3. Complete the following sentences with a relative pronoun?
The children who / ____ you’ve been talking to all go to the same school.
Have you still got the book ____ / ____ I lent you.
That’s the restaurant ____ / __ ____ we had our first date.
Students ____ / ____ eat a good breakfast often do better in school.
They are the people _____ house was broken into last night.

6. 3. Complete the following sentences with a relative pronoun?
The children who / that you’ve been talking to all go to the same school.
Have you still got the book ____ / ____ I lent you.
That’s the restaurant ____ / __ ____ we had our first date.
Students ____ / ____ eat a good breakfast often do better in school.
They are the people _____ house was broken into last night.

7. 3. Complete the following sentences with a relative pronoun?
The children who / that you’ve been talking to all go to the same school.
Have you still got the book that / ____ I lent you.
That’s the restaurant ____ / __ ____ we had our first date.
Students ____ / ____ eat a good breakfast often do better in school.
They are the people _____ house was broken into last night.

8. 3. Complete the following sentences with a relative pronoun?
The children who / that you’ve been talking to all go to the same school.
Have you still got the book that / which I lent you.
That’s the restaurant ____ / __ ____ we had our first date.
Students ____ / ____ eat a good breakfast often do better in school.
They are the people _____ house was broken into last night.

9. 3. Complete the following sentences with a relative pronoun?
The children who / that you’ve been talking to all go to the same school.
Have you still got the book that / which I lent you.
That’s the restaurant where / __ ____ we had our first date.
Students ____ / ____ eat a good breakfast often do better in school.
They are the people _____ house was broken into last night.

10. 3. Complete the following sentences with a relative pronoun?
The children who / that you’ve been talking to all go to the same school.
Have you still got the book that / which I lent you.
That’s the restaurant where / in which we had our first date.
Students ____ / ____ eat a good breakfast often do better in school.
They are the people _____ house was broken into last night.

11. 3. Complete the following sentences with a relative pronoun?
The children who / that you’ve been talking to all go to the same school.
Have you still got the book that / which I lent you.
That’s the restaurant where / in which we had our first date.
Students that / ____ eat a good breakfast often do better in school.
They are the people _____ house was broken into last night.

12. 3. Complete the following sentences with a relative pronoun?
The children who / that you’ve been talking to all go to the same school.
Have you still got the book that / which I lent you.
That’s the restaurant where / in which we had our first date.
Students that / who eat a good breakfast often do better in school.
They are the people _____ house was broken into last night.

13. 3. Complete the following sentences with a relative pronoun?
The children who / that you’ve been talking to all go to the same school.
Have you still got the book that / which I lent you.
That’s the restaurant where / in which we had our first date.
Students that / who eat a good breakfast often do better in school.
They are the people whose house was broken into last night.
4. Which relative pronouns do we use for the following?
people
who / that
objects
that / which
places
where / in which
possession
whose

14. We use “defining relative clauses” to . . .
3. Complete the following sentences with a relative pronoun?
The children who / that you’ve been talking to all go to the same school.
Have you still got the book that / which I lent you.
That’s the restaurant where / in which we had our first date.
Students that / who eat a good breakfast often do better in school.
They are the people whose house was broken into last night.
4. Which relative pronouns do we use for the following?
5. The sentences you just looked at all contain “Defining relative clauses”
people
who / that
We use “defining relative clauses” to . . .
objects
that / which
Add extra information
Specify or identify what thing we are referring to.
places
where / in which
possession
whose

15. We use “defining relative clauses” to . . .
3. Complete the following sentences with a relative pronoun?
The children who / that you’ve been talking to all go to the same school.
Have you still got the book that / which I lent you.
That’s the restaurant where / in which we had our first date.
Students that / who eat a good breakfast often do better in school.
They are the people whose house was broken into last night.
4. Which relative pronouns do we use for the following?
5. The sentences you just looked at all contain “Defining relative clauses”
people
who / that
We use “defining relative clauses” to . . .
objects
that / which
Add extra information
Specify or identify what thing we are referring to.
places
where / in which
possession
whose

16. To practise this using them we can do the following exercise
“Practising Using Defining relative clauses”
To practise this using them we can do the following exercise
1. Think of five famous people, places or objects and write their names down. Keep them hidden from the other students.
2. Now use sentences to describe each one that will help your partner guess who you are talking about.
3. Use the following to help you start your sentences and select the appropriate relative pronoun from below.
It’s someone
It’s a place . . .
It’s a thing
people
who / that
We use “defining relative clauses” to . . .
objects
that / which
Add extra information
Specify or identify what thing we are referring to.
places
where / in which
possession
whose

17. Defining relative clauses
The children who / that you’ve been talking to all go to the same school.
Have you still got the book that / which I lent you.
Students that / who eat a good breakfast often do better in school.
They are the people whose house was broken into last night.
Sometimes we can omit the relative pronoun from defining relative clauses.
Which of the sentences above would be ok without the relative pronoun?

18. Defining relative clauses
The children who / that you’ve been talking to all go to the same school.
Have you still got the book that / which I lent you.
Students that / who eat a good breakfast often do better in school.
They are the people whose house was broken into last night.
Sometimes we can omit the relative pronoun from defining relative clauses.
Which of the sentences above would be ok without the relative pronoun?

19. Defining relative clauses
The children who / that you’ve been talking to all go to the same school.
Have you still got the book that / which I lent you.
Students that / who eat a good breakfast often do better in school.
They are the people whose house was broken into last night.
Sometimes we can omit the relative pronoun from defining relative clauses.
Which of the sentences above would be ok without the relative pronoun?
What is the rule?
When the pronoun is the object / subject of the main clause.

20. Defining relative clauses
The children who / that you’ve been talking to all go to the same school.
Have you still got the book that / which I lent you.
Students that / who eat a good breakfast often do better in school.
They are the people whose house was broken into last night.
Sometimes we can omit the relative pronoun from defining relative clauses.
Which of the sentences above would be ok without the relative pronoun?
What is the rule?
When the pronoun is the object / subject of the main clause.

21. Imagine you are a tree surgeon
Imagine you are a tree surgeon. Your job is to maintain the woodland by getting rid of any diseased or dead trees.
On your first day, your boss gives you the following instructions.
All the trees, which are 100 years old, need to be cut down
How many trees does he want you to cut down?
A) ALL of them
B) SOME of them

22. Imagine you are a tree surgeon
Imagine you are a tree surgeon. Your job is to maintain the woodland by getting rid of any diseased or dead trees.
On your first day, your boss gives you the following instructions:
All the trees, which are 100 years old, need to be cut down
How many trees does he want you to cut down?
A) ALL of them
B) SOME of them
What about if he said this instead?
All the trees that are 100 years old need to be cut down
A) ALL of them
B) SOME of them

23. ONLY the ones that are 100 years old!
Imagine you are a tree surgeon. Your job is to maintain the woodland by getting rid of any diseased or dead trees.
On your first day, your boss gives you the following instructions:
All the trees, which are 100 years old, need to be cut down
How many trees does he want you to cut down?
A) ALL of them
B) SOME of them
What about if he said this instead?
All the trees that are 100 years old need to be cut down
A) ALL of them
B) SOME of them
ONLY the ones that are 100 years old!

24. Look at the example sentences. What is IMPLIED in each sentence
Look at the example sentences. What is IMPLIED in each sentence? Is there a difference in meaning between the two?
I sent my girlfriend, who likes flowers, a bunch of roses on Valentine’s Day.
I sent my girlfriend that likes flowers a bunch of roses on Valentine’s Day.
( I sent a diamond necklace to the one that likes jewellery.)

25. Look at the example sentences. What is IMPLIED in each sentence
Look at the example sentences. What is IMPLIED in each sentence? Is there a difference in meaning between the two?
All the children, who didn’t do their homework, will be punished.
(NONE of them did it and ALL of them will be punished)
All the children that didn’t do their homework will be punished.
(SOME of them did the homework, and so only SOME will be punished)

26. Summary of use What do we call these types of clauses?
Adds extra information?
What do we call these types of clauses?
non defining relative clause
1. All the trees, which are 100 years old, need to be cut down
defining relative clause
2. All the trees that are 100 years old need to be cut down
Summary of use
non defining relative clauses
______________ are used to add information about something.
______________ specify or identify what thing we are referring to.
defining relative clauses

27. Look at the example sentences
Look at the example sentences. Do they contain defining or non defining relative clauses?
Defining!
The children who you’ve been talking to all go to the same school.
Have you still got the book which I lent you.
What about these?
Non defining!
My PE teacher, who was an Olympic champion, says exercise is good for you
Mrs Smith, who you met on the train, is a nurse.
My house, which is over there, has a beautiful garden.
What difference can you see between the two types?
Commas around the clause

28. Look at the example sentences
Look at the example sentences. Do they contain defining or non defining relative clauses?
Defining!
The children who you’ve been talking to all go to the same school.
Have you still got the book which I lent you.
What about these?
Non defining!
My PE teacher, who was an Olympic champion, says exercise is good for you
Mrs Smith, who you met on the train, is a nurse.
My house, which is over there, has a beautiful garden.
What difference can you see between the two types?
Commas around the clause
In which ones could you replace the relative pronoun with “that”?
Only the defining!

29. Look at the example sentences
Look at the example sentences. Do they contain defining or non defining relative clauses?
Defining!
The children who / that you’ve been talking to all go to the same school.
Have you still got the book which / that I lent you.
What about these?
Non defining!
My PE teacher, who / that was an Olympic champion, says exercise is good for you
Mrs Smith, who / that you met on the train, is a nurse.
My house, which / that is over there, has a beautiful garden.
What difference can you see between the two types?
Commas around the clause
In which ones could you replace the relative pronoun with “that”?
Only the defining!

30. Tip for the UOE
When you see a gap that needs a relative pronoun in the UOE part 2 that has a comma before it, you cannot use _________.
THAT
Defining relative clauses
Non defining relative clauses
people
who / that
people
who / that
objects
which / that
objects
which / that
places
where / in which
places
where / in which
possession
whose
possession
whose
So which relative pronouns would go here?
The vase, ______ was discovered by a team of scientists in 1980, is thought to have belonged to a wealthy family of the region.
which
The scientists, ______ had been studying the area for many years, were very surprised to find the vase in such good condition .
who

31. To practise this using them we can do the following exercise
“Practising using NON defining relative clauses”
To practise this using them we can do the following exercise
1. Add information between the commas. Use the relative pronouns below.
2. Go around the class adding extra information. You must remember what the previous people have said, and add your own too.
Barcelona, , is a city by the sea
Non defining relative clauses
people
who / that
objects
which / that
places
where / in which
possession
whose