1. European Microstates

2. Andorra- created by Charlemagne in thanks for support against Moors, Principality formed in 1278 Location: in Pyrenees Mtns, (174 sq. mi.) Climate: Cooler because of elevation People: 83,000 Speak Catalan, Spanish and French Mostly Roman Catholic Economy: Tourism, Sheep herding, manufacture of cigarettes, cigars, tax haven, smuggling Gov’t: Constitutional co- principality

3. Liechtenstein- with a long history of independence, has been a recognized country with sovereignty since 1818 Location: In Alps (62 sq. mi.) Climate: Southern Winds moderate, snow in winter People: 33,000 Germanic Catholic Economy: 73,000 companies are registered in Liechtenstein Gov’t: Constitutional Monarchy Prince

4. Luxembourg -history dates from 963, but Grand Duke of the House of Nassau came to throne in 1890 Location Between Belgium, Germany and France (999 sq. mi.) Climate: Marine W. Coast People: 500,000 French/German blend 87% catholic Economy: Banking and other financial Gov’t: Constitutional Monarchy Grand Duchy

5. Malta Location: In Mediterranean, South of Sicily  124 Sq. mi Climate: Mediterranean People: 413,000 Maltese, w/ Italian and English influence Roman Catholic Economy: Entrepot port Gov’t: Parliamentary Democracy President as Head of State

6. Monaco Location: SE coast from France 0.6 sq. mi Climate: Mediterranean People: 33,000 Monagasques out numbered by French Roman Catholics Economy: Tax haven Grand Prix Gov’t: Constitutional Monarchy Prince Rainier (Grimaldi)

7. San Marino Location: Enclave in Italy 23 sq. mi. Climate: Mediterranean People: Sammarinese  Italian and Catholic  30,000 Economy: Tourism, Postage Stamps Gov’t: Multiparty parliamentary democracy Captains Regents as executives

8. Vatican City Location: Surrounded by Rome Smallest Country (0.17 sq. mi.) Climate: Mediterranean People: 900 Either clergy or church officials Swiss Guards Economy: Tourism, Church affairs Gov’t: sacerdotal- monarchistic The Pope is in charge