1. Prepared By, Akhil ramesh S6 AUE Roll No 3 1AUE

2. What is Bio diesel? Biodiesel is methyl or ethyl of ester fatty acid made from virgin or used vegetable oils and animal fats. Neat (100%) biodiesel contains no petroleum, but it can be blended at any level with diesel to create biodiesel blends. Just like diesel, biodiesel operates in compression ignition engine, which essentially requires very little or no engine modifications as biodiesel has properties similar to diesel fuels. 2AUE

3. HISTORY OF BIODIESEL Rudolf diesel is the German inventor of the diesel engine, which first ran on peanut oil. His prime model, a single 10-ft iron cylinder with flywheel at its base, ran on its own power for the first time in Germany, on August 10, 1893. In his remembrance it has been declared as ‘world biodiesel day’. 3AUE

4. PRODUCTION Base Catalyzed Transestrification RAW MATERIALS Vegetable oil must be moisture free, FFA Content should be <1%. Alcohol Methanol or ethanol as near to absolute as possible can be used Catalyst NaOH or KOH can be used Best result when 85% KOH Carbonate should be low 4AUE

5. Contd.. CH2OOR1 catalyst CH2OH |  | CHOOR2 + 3CH3OH  3CH3OORx + CHOH | CH2OOR3 CH2OH Triglyceride 3 Methanols Biodiesel Glycerin R1, R2, and R3 are fatty acid alkyl groups (could be different, or the same), and depend on the type of oil. The fatty acids involved determine the final properties of the biodiesel (cetane number, cold flow properties, etc.) 5AUE

6. Reaction Vegetable Oil Biodiesel FA 6AUE

7. Other Sources Jatropha 7AUE

8. 8

9. Advantages It is a renewable source of energy Less emission compared to diesel low CO2 NOx, unburned HC,sulphur dioxide and less soot deposition Absence of sulphur increases the life of catalytic convertors Can be used without any engine modification The lubrication effect is higher than of diesel hence increasing the engine life 9AUE

10. Disadvantages It is expensive about 1.5 times than petroleum diesel but can be reduced by using used vegetable oils It can damage rubber hoses for some vehicles according to material Biodiesel cleans the dirt inside the engine but this can deposite at fuel filters and result in clogging. This occurs mainly when biodiesel is used after a period of operation with petroleum diesel It is not effective in availability as diesel is. 10AUE

11. PROPERTIES OF BIODIESEL Density/Specific Gravity: Biodiesel have 0.88 and diesel has 0.84 Cetane number : have higher than conventional diesel fuel thus increasing combustion efficiency and smoother combustion Viscosity : it controls the fuel injector size (droplet size, spray characteristics, etc) therefore viscosity should be moderate and should be same as that of diesel 11AUE

12. Contd… Distillation characteristics: they are different from diesel, BP ranges from 33o o C-357 0 C Flash point:The flash point is around 160 0 C which above the conventional diesel Cold Filter Plugging Point (CFPP): The CFPP of biodiesel reflects the cold weather performance of the engine Cloud point:, it is important for low temperature operations. Biodiesel generally has a higher cloud point. Oxidation stability: Poor oxidation stability can cause fuel thickening, it depends upon the feedstock used. Iodine number: it is the amount of iodine required to convert unsaturated oil into saturated oil. It increases the danger of polymerisation in the engine oil. Lubricity: it depends on the crude source, additives used Acid number: the acid number reflects the presence of free fatty acids or acids used in the manufacture of biodiesel. It also reflects the degradation of biodiesel due to thermal effects. 12AUE

13. Indian Specification Of Bio diesel 13AUE

14. Bio Diesel VS Other Fuels DIESELCNGLNGMETHANOL ETHANOL BIODIESEL _______________________________________________________________________ Vehicle cost10555510 Infrastructure10255510 Safety743138 Operating range10510101010 Operating cost1057557 Reliability10753310 Customer acceptance588898 Funding assistance1102022 Training cost10555510 Fuel availability10105556 Fuel quality9510889 Fuel price stability 688666 TOTAL987473616696 __ 14AUE

15. Vehicles On Bio diesel 15AUE

16. Reference Alternative Fuels by S S Thipse Fuels and Combustion by V Ganesan www.biodiesel.org www.biodiesel.org www.biodieselmagazine.com www.biodieselmagazine.com www.greencar.com www.greencar.com 16AUE

17. 17AUE