1. Introduction to Cognitive-Behavioral Therapy (CBT)
Spokane Smart Justice Symposium
Kevin Camp CDP, CCDC III, NCACI
Introduction to Cognitive-Behavioral Therapy (CBT)

2. Cognitive Behavioral Therapy
Rational Emotive Behavioral Therapy
Moral Reconation Therapy (MRT)
Uses:
Treating anti-social personality disorders

3. Moral Reconation Therapy
MRT® Focuses On Eight Treatment Issues:
Confrontation of beliefs & behaviors
Assessment of current relationships
Reinforcement of positive behavior
Positive identity formation
Enhancement of self-concept
Decrease in pleasure-seeking
Development of frustration tolerance
Higher stages of moral reasoning

4. MRT® Treatment Programs
MRT® includes a number of cognitive-behavioral treatments, including: Substance abuse
Relapse prevention
DWI/DUI offenses
Criminal thinking
Domestic violence
Juvenile Programs
Anger Management
Relapse Prevention
Job Readiness
Family Support
Life Skills
Parenting

5. Benefits of MRT-based Programming
MRT is easy to implement.
MRT is designed and developed to target issues specific to an offender population.
MRT is designed to address issues of a treatment resistant population.
MRT has shown to reduce the recidivism rate of offenders by between 30% and 50% for periods up to 20 years after release.
MRT improves offender compliance to rules in an institution or while under supervision in the community.
MRT is delivered in open-ended groups, which allows for maximizing resources.
MRT easily meshes and blends with other types of programming including self-help groups, education, counseling and behaviorally oriented programs.
MRT will increase offenders’ moral reasoning, decrease dropout rates, increase sense of purpose and reduce antisocial thinking and behavior.
When implemented in a variety of criminal justice settings, MRT provides a continuum of care.
The cost of implementing MRT saves $11.48 for every dollar spent

7. Behavioral Therapy (REBT)
Rational-Emotive
Behavioral Therapy (REBT)
Frustrated with the inefficiency of psychoanalysis, Albert Ellis, Ph.D. based his therapeutic approach on the philosophy of Epictetus, who believed that people are influenced by their perceptions.

8. Behavioral Therapy (REBT)
Rational-Emotive
Behavioral Therapy (REBT)
Ellis believed that thoughts fall along a continuum from rationality to irrationality. For him, emotional problems are rooted in irrational demands that people place on themselves.

9. Behavioral Therapy (REBT)
Rational-Emotive
Behavioral Therapy (REBT)
What are examples of irrational “demands” or thoughts ?
must = I must be liked by others.
should = People should be nice.
ought = I ought to perform well.

10. ABCD Model of REBT
A = activating event (what happened; could be an event, a thought or an image)
B = belief (s) about the event
C = consequence (emotional and/or behavioral response)
D = dispute (of the belief)

11. ABCD Model of REBT
Key Construct
The activating event does not cause the consequence. Rather, it is one’s beliefs about the activating event which produce one’s emotional and/or behavioral response to it.

12. ABCD Model of REBT
Key Construct
The goal of REBT is to break the cycle of irrationality by disputing the person’s beliefs with rational thoughts, leading to healthier emotional and/or behavioral consequences.

13. Excerpted from Ellis, A. (2007)
Excerpted from Ellis, A. (2007). Emotional disturbance and its treatment in a nutshell. Retrieved November 8, 2010, from

14. Cognitive-Behavioral Therapy (CBT)
Aaron Beck, M.D. moved away from psychoanalysis because its effectiveness could not be demonstrated in experimental studies. Beck sought a scientific approach to psychotherapy.

15. Cognitive-Behavioral Therapy (CBT)
Beck applied an information-processing model to emotional disturbance and asserted that cognitions (thoughts), emotions, behaviors, and physiological responses all interact together.

16. Cognitive-Behavioral Therapy (CBT)
For Beck, cognitions affect emotions and actions; emotions affect actions and cognitions; actions affect cognitions and emotions. This cycle is circular and self-reinforcing.

17. Cognitive-Behavioral Therapy (CBT)
cognitions
actions emotions

18. Cognitive-Behavioral Therapy (CBT)
Beck’s experiments revealed patterns of thinking, which he called “automatic thoughts”, “distorted thinking”, “faulty assumptions”, and “cognitive schemata”.

19. Cognitive-Behavioral Therapy (CBT)
Beck classified 11 types of cognitive distortions. More importantly, Beck’s work gave rise to evidence-based psychotherapy.

20. Cognitive-Behavioral Therapy (CBT)
What is “evidence-based” psychotherapy? Scientifically, it means that psychological theories are supported by experimental data (e.g., evidence). In CBT, it has dual meanings.

21. Cognitive-Behavioral Therapy (CBT)
1. CBT therapists ask clients to test their cognitive distortions by collecting data about their thoughts and to identify the evidence which contradicts their distorted thinking patterns.

22. Cognitive-Behavioral Therapy (CBT)
2. Experimental studies of clients treated in CBT demonstrate the validity of cognitive distortions as a concept and the reliability of treating clients by disputing the distortions with data (evidence).

23. Cognitive-Behavioral Therapy (CBT)
Beck’s scientific approach to psychotherapy was revolutionary in the mid-20th century. Studies of CBT continue to demonstrate its efficacy in treating a range of psychological disorders.

24. References
Beck, A.T., Rush, A.J., Shaw, B.F. & Emery, G. (1979). Cognitive therapy of depression. New York: Guilford Press.
Burns, D.D. (1980). Feeling good: The new mood therapy. New York: William Morrow and Company, Inc.
Ellis, A. (2007). Emotional disturbance and its treatment in a nutshell. Retrieved November 8, 2010, from
Padesky, C.A., & Beck, A.T. (2003). Science and philosophy: Comparison of cognitive therapy and rational emotive behavior therapy. Journal of Cognitive Psychotherapy: An International Quarterly, Vol 17(3), New York: Springer Publishing. Retrieved November 5, 2010, from