1. Complex Sentences

2. There are 2 basic kinds of clauses:
Independent Clause
Subordinate (Dependent) Clause

3. Independent Clauses
An Independent Clause has a SUBJECT and VERB and CAN stand by itself as a COMPLETE SENTENCE. These are also known as simple sentences.
Ex: The air vibrated.
In the morning, he began to play the cello.
S V
S V

4. Subordinate Clauses (also known as a DEPENDENT Clause)
Has a SUBJECT and a VERB but CANNOT stand by itself as a complete sentence because it starts with a SUBORDINATING CONJUNCTION.

5. What is a subordinating conjunction?
We will refer to them as the
“AAAAAWWWWWWUUBBIISS” Words
The number of letters tells you how many words begin with that letter.
A5W6U2B2I2S2
For example 5 words begin with the letter A, 6 words begin with the letter W, etc..

6. Subordinating ConjunctionsW U B I S
after
although
as if
as long as
as though
whatever
when whenever where wherever
while
unless
until
because
before if
in order that
since
so that

7. Subordinate Clause Subordinate or Dependent Clause =
Subordinating conjunction (AAWWWUUBBIIS word) + S + V.
It cannot stand alone.
Example: After we had dinner

8. Subordinating Clause
A dependent (subordinate) clause has to be ATTACHED to an independent clause (simple sentence).
We will let I = independent clause (simple sentence)
We will let D = dependent clause (subordinate clause)

9. Complex Sentences
So the formula for a complex sentence is:
D, I or ID

10. Complex Sentences Examples: After we ate dinner, we played cards. OR
Dependent clause Independent Clause
After we ate dinner, we played cards. OR
Independent Clause Dependent Clause
We played cards after we ate dinner.

11. Practice The football game was exciting.
Underline the independent clause once and the subordinate clause twice. Some sentences have no subordinate clauses.
The football game was exciting.
Everyone stood and cheered as the team left the field.
After we won the game, we celebrated by going to eat.
We left the restaurant; we paid the bill.

12. Examples of Complex Sentences
Since you want to go to the movies, you will have to eat quickly.
You will have to live at home until you get a job.
Notice: If the dependent clause comes first, then a comma is used to introduce the independent clause.

13. Practice: Use each of the subordinate (dependent) clauses below to write a complete sentence.
so that we can go to the store
unless we win the lottery
after a song is recorded
until your room is clean
before we went home
Insert a comma after the dependent clause if that begins the sentence.

14. Clauses Review
How are independent clauses and dependent (subordinate) clauses different?
An independent clause (simple sentence) can stand on its own, BUT
A subordinate clause needs to be attached to a independent clause; it cannot stand alone.

15. Complex Sentences andClauses Review
What do independent clauses and dependent (subordinate) clauses have in common?
They each have a SUBJECT and a
VERB.
Subordinate
Independent

16. Complex Sentence Review
How does a complex sentence differ from a compound sentence?
A compound sentence has 2 or more independent clauses.
A complex sentence includes a subordinating (dependent) clause.