1. National Knowledge Commission Recommendations on Higher Education 2007
* Create more Universities (1500 by 2015)
* New Regulatory Body (Oversee UGC, AICT, MCI,
BAR Council ……..)
* Increase Public Spending (1.5 % GDP / 6 % )
* 50 National Universities
Expansion
Higher
Education
Sector

2. National Knowledge Commission Recommendations on Higher Education 2007
Excellence
* Reform Existing Universities
* Restructure Undergraduate Colleges: Autonomous
Clusters
* Promote Enhanced Quality: Student Choices, Teacher
Evaluation
* Salary Differentials

3. Action Inclusion Affirmative Action:
* Ensure access for all deserving students:
(Needs – Blind admission)
National Scholarship Scheme
Affirmative Action:
* Reservation
* Use of Deprivation Index
Action
* Reforms within Existing Systems
* Changes in Government Policies
* Amendments / New Statutes or Legislation

4. Challenges in Creating World Class Educational (Research) Institutions
Enabling role of Government
Organizational Imperatives
Role of Academic Leadership
Academic and Infrastructure Enablers to Identify
and Foster Talent
Governing Mechanisms
Funding
Indian Experience
Higher Education : Public or private ?
Research : Public Funding
Challenges in Creating World Class
Educational (Research) Institutions

5. Higher Education and Research in India
Universities: Calcutta, Bombay, Madras
Training of graduates for government service
Indian Association for the Cultivation of Science, Calcutta
Mahendralal Sircar (Father LaFont)
1913: C.V.Raman, 1928: Raman Effect
J.N.Tata Endowment (Rs. 30, 00, 000)
Request to government: £ 5000 per year
Curzon on the Tata Scheme (1901): “…..appears to have no
relation either to charity, or to suffering or to the Queen or
to 300 million of India.”
Deepak Kumar, Ind. J. Hist. Sci., 19, (1984)
Vesting order for establishing Indian Institute of Science

6. Indian Institutes of Management (IIM)
Student Selection
Placement Performance
Alumni
Industry - Interface
Indian Institutes of Technology (IIT)
Undergraduate Engineering Education
Post-graduate Teaching / Research
Alumni ……. “ Brand Equity”
IIT Review 2004
Indian Institute of Science (IISc)
Science and Engineering
Faculty Research Emphasis / PhD degrees
Life Sciences
Indian Institutes of Science Education and Research (IISER) – Pune / Kolkata….
Undergraduate Science Education in a Research Ambience

7. Affiliated College: Undergraduate teaching
Autonomous College: Undergraduate and
Postgraduate teaching
University: Affiliation centre
Research
Research Institutions: Postgraduate teaching
National Laboratories: Research
(CSIR, DAE, ICMR, ICAR…)
Deemed Universities: Degree granting device
Deemed and Customized
Universities: Dept. Atomic Energy (DAE),
Dept. of Space, Defence Research
and Development Organization (DRDO)

8. Models Research Universities
Harvard, Stanford, Berkeley, Cambridge, Oxford ……….
Faculty and Student Scholarship
Indian Models
Kolkata, Madras, Delhi, Banaras, Allahabad ……..
Pre-independence : Primarily Teaching
Post-independence :
1950s – 1960s Surge of Research
1970s Accelerating Decay of Research
Specialist Institutions versus the Broad – Based Institutions
Small or Large ??
Models

9. Creating an Ambience Governance Research Facilities - Consolidation
- Institution Building
- Consolidation
- Expansion / Modernization
Faculty / Student Performance
- Evaluation
- Carrot and Stick (Tenure and Rewards)
Research Facilities
- Funding
- Development Corpus
Promoting Scholarship
- Academic Debate
- Participatory Governance
- Interdisciplinary Dialogue
Creating an Ambience

10. The Role of Private Philanthropy Public – Private Partnership
Parameters of Institutional Performance
Students Trained / Degrees Awarded
Performance of Alumni
Research Papers Published
Impact
Intellectual Property
Patents / Technology Transfer
Licensing / Royalty Income
Resources Generated
Magnitude of Corpus
The Role of Private Philanthropy
Public – Private Partnership

11. “....Tata entirely owes it to me that he gets
Tata’s request
(1899)
£ 5000 per year
Curzon’s response
(1901)
“....Tata entirely owes it to me that he gets
anything; and if he is not wise enough to
accept it, I am ready to drop the whole
thing tomorrow.”
Deepak Kumar, Ind. J. Hist. Sci., 19, (1984)

12. Research and Higher Education :
Indian Challenges
Science
Engineering
Medicine
Scientific Research
“Science”
Fragmentation Vs Integration
Humanities, Social Sciences, Economics and Management

13. SCIENCE & ENGINEERING Scientists as Inventors
“Often considered distinct, engineering and
science are frequently difficult to distinguish”
Henry Petroski, American Scientist, 2008, Vol 96, 368.
“The scientist seeks to understand what is :
the engineer seeks to create what never was”
Theodore von Karman

14. Discovery : Penicillin
Invention : Light Bulb
Relativity
Innovation : Retail Store

15. Ideas Translation Development Marketable Product
“ Success in the laboratory does not always translate into success in the market place “

16. 1997

17. Pasteur's Quadrant Bohr Pasteur Fundamental Research Edison
Use Inspired Research
Fundamental Research
Edison
Average
Academic
and
Industrial
R & D
Bohr
Pasteur

18. Extending Stokes Diagram
IDEAL
Financial Resources
Administrative flexibility

19. “Restructuring Indian Universities: Renewed Focus on the Research” or
“Reforming Indian Universities:
Triad of Universities,
Research Institutes and Industries”
Restructuring: “Perestroika”
(“Glasnost”)
Reform: “Paradigm Shift”

20. Postgraduate
RESEARCH
Undergraduate
TEACHING

21. Segregating Disciplines
Humanities
Social Sciences
Science
Engineering
Medicine
Agriculture
Law
The diminishing core of universities

22. Academic Space IDEAL UNIVERSITIES Research MOST INSTITUTIONS Teaching
Pathways for
Directed Evolution
IDEAL
UNIVERSITIES
MOST
INSTITUTIONS

23. D C B A _ ~ e Pathways for Reform BARRIER Barrier height Constant
Rate of
Transformation
Barrier height
Constant
~ e _
Pathways for Reform
Dangers of Reversibility

24. Factors contributing to barrier height :
Transformation (Reform, Restructuring)
BARRIER
Factors contributing to barrier height :
* Academic Faculty
* Administrative Structure
* Public Will / Political Ambience

25. Issues Faculty / Students : Recruitment Regional / National
Resources : State / Central
Governance : Autonomy
Academic Responsibility

26. Those who can teach, should
Editorial, Nature Chemical Biology, Dec 2007, 737
Universities : Teaching without Research
National Laboratories: Research without Teaching
Role of Research Projects in Undergraduate
and Postgraduate Education:
Writing and Communication Skills

27. “ He who can, does; and he who cannot, teaches”
George Bernard Shaw on creative work
“ Contrary to popular opinion, it is not usually the equations which need to be understood for the effective communication of science, it is the words. Literacy is important as well as being the door to the world of literature; why is it not taught to graduate students ?”
George Batchelor, Research as a life style,
Applied Mechanics Reviews, 50, R11, 1997