1. 5 October 2012 World Wind Energy Association Uniting the World of Wind Energy www.wwindea.org Stefan Gsänger Drivers of Wind Power in the World

2. 5 October 2012 World Wind Energy Association Uniting the World of Wind Energy www.wwindea.org Stefan Gsänger The key drivers of wind energy: Secure & domestic energy supply Environmental sustainability Economics: affordable & low-risk

3. 5 October 2012 World Wind Energy Association Uniting the World of Wind Energy www.wwindea.org Stefan Gsänger History of wind power in Europe 12th century: First wind mills in Europe, coming from Arabian countries Rise of Netherlands is based on wind energy End of 19th century: 20‘000 wind mills in Germany 200‘000 wind mills in Europe Pioneer in Denmark: Paul la Cour 1891: electricity generation from wind 1894: hydrogen lighting system 1930s: Hermann Honnef proposes 60 MW wind generator 1950s: Ulrich Hütter creates scientific basis for modern wind turbines 1957: „Mühlengesetz“ promotes decommisioning of wind mills in Germany 1960s: preliminary stopp of research on wind technology 1970s: oil crisis – renaissance begins Wind Power in the World

4. 5 October 2012 World Wind Energy Association Uniting the World of Wind Energy www.wwindea.org Stefan Gsänger Big industry‘s „Failures“ GROWIAN (MAN - HEW, Schleswag, RWE): 3 MW, erected 1983, decommissioned in 1987 „We need Growian (…), in order to demonstrate that it does not work.“ (Günter Klätte, RWE Board, February 1982) FIAT/ENEL „fail“ with 55 kW turbine: Wind Power in the World

5. 5 October 2012 World Wind Energy Association Uniting the World of Wind Energy www.wwindea.org Stefan Gsänger Wind Power in the World

6. 5 October 2012 World Wind Energy Association Uniting the World of Wind Energy www.wwindea.org Stefan Gsänger Wind Power in the World

7. 5 October 2012 World Wind Energy Association Uniting the World of Wind Energy www.wwindea.org Stefan Gsänger Wind Power in the World

8. 5 October 2012 World Wind Energy Association Uniting the World of Wind Energy www.wwindea.org Stefan Gsänger Wind Power in the World

9. 5 October 2012 World Wind Energy Association Uniting the World of Wind Energy www.wwindea.org Wind Power Deployment Worldwide Stefan Gsänger Wind Power in the World

10. 5 October 2012 World Wind Energy Association Uniting the World of Wind Energy www.wwindea.org Stefan Gsänger Offshore Wind Wind Power in the World

11. 5 October 2012 World Wind Energy Association Uniting the World of Wind Energy www.wwindea.org Stefan Gsänger Small Wind Wind Power in the World

12. 5 October 2012 World Wind Energy Association Uniting the World of Wind Energy www.wwindea.org Stefan Gsänger Small Wind Wind Power in the World

13. 5 October 2012 World Wind Energy Association Uniting the World of Wind Energy www.wwindea.org Electricity generated: 500 TWh, ~ Germany‘s electricity demand Share in global electricity demand: ~ 3 % Countries with high wind shares: Denmark 28 %Portugal18 % Spain 16 %Germany 10 % Stefan Gsänger Wind Power in the World

14. 5 October 2012 World Wind Energy Association Uniting the World of Wind Energy www.wwindea.org China:2020 target increased from 20 GW (2004) to 30 GW (2004/5) maybe to 200 GW 2015: 100 GW (according to 5-year-plan) German Wind Energy Association: 2 % of land area enough to cover 65 % of Germany‘s electricity needs (197 GW) Indian Wind Power Association: 20 % of wind electricity by 2020 BUT: Extension of PTC in USA unclear Spain suspended support for renewable energy India abolished accelerated depreciation Stefan Gsänger Wind Power in the World

15. 5 October 2012 World Wind Energy Association Uniting the World of Wind Energy www.wwindea.org Stefan Gsänger The importance of Community Power Studies in Scotland and Germany show significantly higher acceptance of Community Power wind farms: Source: „Does community ownership affect public attitudes to wind energy? A case study from south-west Scotland“, published 2009 Charles R. Warren, Malcolm McFadyen, School of Geography & Geosciences, University of St Andrews, United Kingdom Community Wind Power in the World

16. 5 October 2012 World Wind Energy Association Uniting the World of Wind Energy www.wwindea.org Stefan Gsänger The importance of Community Power Source: LOCAL ACCEPTANCE OF RENEWABLE ENERGY – A CASE STUDY FROM SOUTHEAST GERMANY, published 2011 Fabian David Musall* and Onno Kuik, Institute for Environmental Studies, VU University Amsterdam Germany: Neighbours of Community Wind Farm have much more positive attitude Community Wind Power in the World

17. 5 October 2012 World Wind Energy Association Uniting the World of Wind Energy www.wwindea.org Stefan Gsänger „Wind turbine syndrome“ Mainly caused by „annoyance“ about wind farms, as reported by a study by Massachusetts Department of Environmental Protection and the Massachusetts Department of Public Health To be tackled by best practices including community ownership Community Wind Power in the World

18. 5 October 2012 World Wind Energy Association Uniting the World of Wind Energy www.wwindea.org Stefan Gsänger The Community Power success stories: The pioneer: Denmark: 200‘000 families Germany: 200-300‘000 shareholders Community projects are known in Australia Canada, USA Belgium, Denmark, France, Ireland, Luxemburg, The Netherlands, Portugal, Spain, Sweden, United Kingdom Japan Latin America South Africa … Community Wind Power in the World

19. 5 October 2012 World Wind Energy Association Uniting the World of Wind Energy www.wwindea.org Stefan Gsänger Community Wind Power in the World

20. 5 October 2012 World Wind Energy Association Uniting the World of Wind Energy www.wwindea.org Stefan Gsänger WWEA‘s Community Power activities: WWEC2008 „Community Power“ in Kingston, Canada led to first FIT legislation in North America WWEC2012 „Community Power – Citizens‘ Power“ in Bonn Working Group on Community Power was established in 2010 with members from all continents Community Wind Power in the World

21. 5 October 2012 World Wind Energy Association Uniting the World of Wind Energy www.wwindea.org Stefan Gsänger WWEA‘s Definition of Community Power Community Power can be defined by any combination of two of the following three elements: Local stakeholders own the majority or all of a project A local individual or a group of local stakeholders, whether they are farmers, cooperatives, independent power producers, financial institutions, municipalities, schools, etc., own, immediately or eventually, the majority or all of a project. Voting control rests with the community-based organization A community-based organization made up of local stakeholders has the majority of the voting rights concerning the decisions taken on the project. The majority of social and economic benefits are distributed locally The major part or all of the social and economic benefits are returned to the local community. There is a broad variety of different legal and economic forms of community power. Community Wind Power in the World

22. 5 October 2012 World Wind Energy Association Uniting the World of Wind Energy www.wwindea.org WWEA‘s policy principles Create level-playing field Provide investment security Communities have to benefit directly Secure efficiency Provide access for newcomers/IPPs  On national level well-designed feed-in tariffs allow communities to invest!  Next step: integration of renewable technologies  for 100 % supply Stefan Gsänger Wind Power in the World

23. 5 October 2012 World Wind Energy Association Uniting the World of Wind Energy www.wwindea.org Thank you very much for your attention! Stefan Gsänger Wind Power in the World