1. Rauðarárstíg 25 150 Reykjavík Sími 545 9900 Bréfsími: 562 4878 Towards the Hydrogen Economy Iceland's Vision

2. Rauðarárstíg 25 150 Reykjavík Sími 545 9900 Bréfsími: 562 4878 ICELAND Sustainable use of natural resources Iceland's economic policy

3. Rauðarárstíg 25 150 Reykjavík Sími 545 9900 Bréfsími: 562 4878 Renewable Energy in Iceland  Over 70% of energy used in Iceland comes from renewable resources  Electricity and space heating is provided by renewables  Fossil fuels are imported for vehicles, shipping and industrial processes

4. Rauðarárstíg 25 150 Reykjavík Sími 545 9900 Bréfsími: 562 4878 0 10 20 30 40 50 60 70 80 90 100 110 120 130 140 1940194519501955196019651970197519801985199019952000 PJ 0% 20% 40% 60% 80% 100% 1940195019601970198019902000 Hydro Geothermal Oil Coal Peat Hydro Geothermal Oil Coal Proportional consumption Primary Energy Consumption in Iceland 1940 - 2000+

5. Rauðarárstíg 25 150 Reykjavík Sími 545 9900 Bréfsími: 562 4878 Potential for Electricity Production (TWh/a) from Renewable Resources 7% 1,4 20+ Geo- thermal 24% 7,1 30 HydroTogether 17% Percentage of potential 8,5 Annual production in 2003 50 Economical and environmentally viable potential Hydro Geothermal

6. Rauðarárstíg 25 150 Reykjavík Sími 545 9900 Bréfsími: 562 4878 Increasing power with new technologies

7. Rauðarárstíg 25 150 Reykjavík Sími 545 9900 Bréfsími: 562 4878 Iceland´s benefits from hydrogen  Increased use of local renewables  Renewable energy for vehicles  Renewable energy for ships  Energy security  Cleaner Environment  Sustainable Energy Economy

8. Rauðarárstíg 25 150 Reykjavík Sími 545 9900 Bréfsími: 562 4878 Hydrogen  The lightest element  90% of the material world  Water is composed of Hydrogen and Oxygen  Hydrogen Fusion keeps the stars glowing

9. Rauðarárstíg 25 150 Reykjavík Sími 545 9900 Bréfsími: 562 4878 Hydrogen derives from diverse sources. Distributed Generation Transportation Biomass Hydro Wind Solar Geothermal Coal Nuclear Natural Gas Oil With Carbon Sequestration HIGH EFFICIENCY & RELIABILITY ZERO/NEAR ZERO EMISSIONS

10. Rauðarárstíg 25 150 Reykjavík Sími 545 9900 Bréfsími: 562 4878 Storing energy for use on demand Hydrogen can be used for  storing geothermal energy during off-peak hours  stabilazing wind and solar energy systems  providing stable current for electrical grids based on renewable energy

11. Rauðarárstíg 25 150 Reykjavík Sími 545 9900 Bréfsími: 562 4878 Advantages of Hydrogen  Abundant  The most common element in the Universe  Clean  Causes no pollution when used in Fuel Cells and extremely small emissions in IC Engines  Secure  Hydrogen production is not restricted to certain regions or limited deposits, ensuring constant supply  Efficient  Fuel Cells are almost twice as energy efficient as conventional IC engines  Versatile  Can be generated with any primary energy source

12. Rauðarárstíg 25 150 Reykjavík Sími 545 9900 Bréfsími: 562 4878 The Hydrogen Economy

13. Rauðarárstíg 25 150 Reykjavík Sími 545 9900 Bréfsími: 562 4878 Towards a Hydrogen Economy  The introduction of hydrogen as an energy carrier will decrease Iceland's reliance on fossil fuels  Hydrogen from renewables lays the ground for a sustainable energy economy  Iceland is committed to the goals of the Hydrogen Economy  The Government has offered Iceland as a platform for hydrogen research and development

14. Rauðarárstíg 25 150 Reykjavík Sími 545 9900 Bréfsími: 562 4878 Icelandic New Energy Ltd (INE) Shell Hydrogen 16,33% Hydro 16,33 DaimlerChrysler 16,33% Majority shareholder: 51% Icelandic Holding Company VistOrka hf (EcoEnergy ) VistOrka shareholders: Icel. New Business Venture Fund Reykjavik Energy The National Power Company Sudurnes Regional Heating Corp University of Iceland The Technological Institute of Iceland Fertilizer Plant Aflvaki hf Government of Iceland

15. Rauðarárstíg 25 150 Reykjavík Sími 545 9900 Bréfsími: 562 4878 Key Projects Time2000 1. Fuel cell bus demonstration: ECTOS 7MEuro 2. Fuel cell passenger vehicles Demonstration program Gradual introduction into passenger car fleet Demonstration program Gradual introduction into bus fleet 2002 3. Fuel cell fishing vessel demonstration Demonstration program Gradual introduction into fishing fleet

16. Rauðarárstíg 25 150 Reykjavík Sími 545 9900 Bréfsími: 562 4878 Fueling infrastructure for the future First commercial station April 2003

17. Rauðarárstíg 25 150 Reykjavík Sími 545 9900 Bréfsími: 562 4878 The Hydrogen Roadmap for Iceland

18. Rauðarárstíg 25 150 Reykjavík Sími 545 9900 Bréfsími: 562 4878 International cooparation  New technologies and standards have to be developed for hydrogen as an energy carrier  Single countries cannot develop hydrogen economy in isolation  Hydrogen Economy cannot be achieved without international cooperation

19. Rauðarárstíg 25 150 Reykjavík Sími 545 9900 Bréfsími: 562 4878 Accelerating development  IEA working on hydrogen development through the Hydrogen Implementing Agreement (HIA) since 1977  The EU Hydrogen and Fuel Cells Technology Platform established in 2003  The International Partnership for Hydrogen Economy (IPHE) established in 2003

20. Rauðarárstíg 25 150 Reykjavík Sími 545 9900 Bréfsími: 562 4878 International Projects  Standards have been set for international collaborative hydrogen projects  Numerous projects have been recognized on hydrogen production, storage, fuel cell testing, standards, safety etc.  The projects have accelerated international private and public cooperation on hydrogen development

21. Rauðarárstíg 25 150 Reykjavík Sími 545 9900 Bréfsími: 562 4878 Stockholm Hamburg Stuttgart Barcelona Reykjavik London Luxemburg Madrid Porto Amsterdam CUTE and ECTOS Hydrogen Cities

22. Rauðarárstíg 25 150 Reykjavík Sími 545 9900 Bréfsími: 562 4878 Japan Brazil USA United Kingdom European Commission France Germany Italy India Iceland Canada Russian Federation Australia South Korea China $35 Trillion in GDP 85% of world GDP 3.5 billion people 75% of electricity used 2/3s of CO 2 emissions and energy consumption Norway IPHE Partners