1. Educational Psychology: Theory and Practice Chapter 10
Motivating Students to Learn

2. Discuss
Give Some Examples of Motivation That You Have Experienced or Observed in Other Students

3. Motivation
Internal Process that Activates, Guides, and Maintains Behavior Over Time
Intensity and Direction Vary
Competing Motives Have Influence

4. Theories of Motivation: Behavioral Learning TheoryW A D
Reinforcement
Rewards and Incentives

5. Theories of Motivation: Human Needs (Humanism)
Take Self-Actualization Assessment
Maslow’s Hierarchy of Needs
Deficiency Needs
Growth Needs
Self-Actualization
Implications of Maslow’s Theory for Education (See Illustration)

7. Theories of Motivation: Assessments

8. Theories of Motivation: Attribution Theory (Weiner)
Attribution of Motive
Perception of Self
Perception of Others
Fundamental Attribution Error

9. Theories of Motivation: Attribution Theory (Weiner)
Tell About a Failure
Tell About a Success

10. Theories of Motivation: Attribution Theory (Weiner)
Explanations for Success and Failure
Internal or External
Stable or Unstable
Controllable or Not

11. Theories of Motivation: Attribution Theory
Attributions for Success and Failure
Ability
Effort
Task Difficulty
Luck

12. Stable Unstable
Ability
Effort
Internal
External
Task Difficulty
Luck

13. Theories of Motivation: Attribution Theory
Locus of Control and Self-Efficacy
Internal
External
Score Locus of Control Test

15. Achievement Motivation
Goal Orientations
Learning Versus Performance Goals
Seeking Success Versus Avoiding Failure
Learned Helplessness

16. Achievement Motivation
Teacher Expectations
Effects of Negative and Positive Expectations
How Teachers Communicate Positive Expectations
Wait for Students to Respond
Avoid Unnecessary Achievement Distinctions
Treat All Students Equally

17. Theories of Motivation: Expectancy Theory
Expectancy-Valence Model
M = Ps x Is
Detrimental Effect of Overly High Probability of Success
Implications for Education: Success Should Be Possible but Not Easy for All Students

18. Increasing Student Motivation
Enhancing Intrinsic Motivation
Arousing Interest
Maintaining Curiosity
Using a Variety of Interesting Presentation Modes
Helping Students Set Their Own Goals
Avoiding Overjustification Effect

19. Increasing Student Motivation
Principles for Providing Extrinsic Incentives to Learn
Expressing Clear Expectations
Providing Clear Feedback
Providing Immediate Feedback
Providing Frequent Feedback
Increasing the Value and Availability of Extrinsic Motivators
Reward Effort and Improvement