Reading/Language Arts Vocabulary - Grade 6-8

Reading/Language Arts Vocabulary - Grade 6-8
Affix Work ed The suffix ed only occurs as an affix. A word element, such as a prefix or suffix, that can only occur attached to a base, stem, or root. ©Partners for Learning, Inc do not distribute

alliteration The repetition of consonant sounds at the beginning of words. ©Partners for Learning, Inc do not distribute

Allusion It has rained so long, it feels like it’s rained for 40 days and 40 nights. A reference to a statement, person, place, or event from literature, history, politics, etc. ©Partners for Learning, Inc do not distribute

analogy A comparison of two different things that are similar in some way ©Partners for Learning, Inc do not distribute

Analyze Examining parts to understand how they work together to create meaning as a whole ©Partners for Learning, Inc do not distribute

antagonist Lord Voldemort in Harry Potter a character who works against the hero of a story. ©Partners for Learning, Inc do not distribute

antonym A word having a meaning opposite to that of another word ©Partners for Learning, Inc do not distribute

Author’s bias If the author grew up in Seattle, they may show a bias towards the Seattle Seahawks when writing a sports story. A personal judgment either for or against a particular person, position, or thing. ©Partners for Learning, Inc do not distribute

Author’s perspective The viewpoint that an author brings to a piece of writing. ©Partners for Learning, Inc do not distribute

Author’s purpose The reason for creating a work ©Partners for Learning, Inc do not distribute

Base word (dis) place (d) A complete word that can stand alone without a prefix or suffix. ©Partners for Learning, Inc do not distribute

boldface Word(s) that is in darker type than the words around it, used to help signal that the word is more important than the text around it. ©Partners for Learning, Inc do not distribute

Cause and effect A text structure that explains why things happen; the events that happen first are the causes and the events that happen as a result are the effects ©Partners for Learning, Inc do not distribute

Character development The method(s) a writer uses to create and develop characters. ©Partners for Learning, Inc do not distribute

Character point of view In this story, Goldilocks has a point of view different from the Three Bears. The viewpoint/voice of a character enables us to better understand the events of a text. ©Partners for Learning, Inc do not distribute

chart A group of facts about something, in the form of a diagram, table, graph, etc… ©Partners for Learning, Inc do not distribute

Chronological order I wake up I eat breakfast I brush my teeth I get on the bus I get to school Events are presented in the order in which they occur ©Partners for Learning, Inc do not distribute

classified ad a short ad in a newspaper or magazine (usually in small print) and appearing along with other ads of the same type ©Partners for Learning, Inc do not distribute

cliché a phrase or expression used so often that it becomes stale; also : the idea expressed by it ©Partners for Learning, Inc do not distribute

Compare and Contrast A text structure which explains the similarities and/or differences of two or more things, ideas, traits, etc… ©Partners for Learning, Inc do not distribute

comparison Both fruits Both grow on trees Both are edible An examination of how two or more things are similar or alike ©Partners for Learning, Inc do not distribute

conflict A problem or disagreement between people, society, or nature ©Partners for Learning, Inc do not distribute

Consumer documents Printed materials that accompany products and services…manuals, instructions, warranties, etc. ©Partners for Learning, Inc do not distribute

Context clue Clues given in a passage as to the meaning of the word ©Partners for Learning, Inc do not distribute

Contrast They have different shapes One is red The other is yellow An examination of how two or more things are different ©Partners for Learning, Inc do not distribute

coupon A small, printed slip of paper that gives someone a discount ©Partners for Learning, Inc do not distribute

Descriptive language The bite of the frigid air was nearly unbearable as I made my way through the frozen forest. Words intended to create a mood, person, place, thing, event, emotion, or experience. ©Partners for Learning, Inc do not distribute

diagram A plan, sketch, drawing, or outline designed to demonstrate or explain how something works ©Partners for Learning, Inc do not distribute

diction These two authors used different diction in their writings. A writer’s/speaker’s choice of words and way of arranging them in sentences…formal/informal. ©Partners for Learning, Inc do not distribute

Drawing conclusions It is raining outside so I would draw a conclusion that I should wear a rain coat today. Making a decision or voicing an opinion based on reasoning or inferring ©Partners for Learning, Inc do not distribute

Evaluate To judge the value or worth of someone or something ©Partners for Learning, Inc do not distribute

excerpt A passage selected from a book, movie, music, or speech ©Partners for Learning, Inc do not distribute

Exposition This story takes place long, long ago in a faraway land. There was a kingdom torn by war and greed, with a noble king trying to restore his land. This king was named Henry and he loved his kingdom very much. This sets the tone, establishes setting, introduces characters, and give background information. ©Partners for Learning, Inc do not distribute

External conflict A struggle against an outside force, which may be another character, society, or nature. ©Partners for Learning, Inc do not distribute

Fact George Washington was the first President of the United States of America. A statement that can be proven ©Partners for Learning, Inc do not distribute

Falling action In the plot, this action occurs after the climax, when conflicts are resolved and problems solved. ©Partners for Learning, Inc do not distribute

Figurative language The crowd was buzzing like a beehive. Language that goes beyond the literal meaning of the words ©Partners for Learning, Inc do not distribute

Figure of speech An expression with a special meaning ©Partners for Learning, Inc do not distribute

Flashback As Sam rushed to towards the hospital, he remembered how this crazy night began. It all started yesterday, when Sam got home from work. An interruption in the action of a plot to tell what happened at an earlier time. ©Partners for Learning, Inc do not distribute

Foreshadowing A writer’s use of hints or clues to suggest events that will occur later in the plot. ©Partners for Learning, Inc do not distribute

Functional materials Example: To find more information on our vacuum cleaners, please visit A form of informational nonfiction…websites, how-to-articles, brochures, fliers, etc. ©Partners for Learning, Inc do not distribute

glossary An alphabetical listing of key words from a book and their definitions with page numbers where the word appears ©Partners for Learning, Inc do not distribute

graph A drawing or diagram that shows the relationship between numbers using pictures, bars, or lines ©Partners for Learning, Inc do not distribute

heading The title of a passage of text which announces the topic to be covered, generally printed in bold type for emphasis ©Partners for Learning, Inc do not distribute

hyperbole A figure of speech in which a statement is exaggerated for emphasis or for humorous effect. ©Partners for Learning, Inc do not distribute

idiom A phrase or expression in which the meaning is different than the literal meaning of the words ©Partners for Learning, Inc do not distribute

imagery Language that appeals to the senses…sight, hearing, smell, taste, and touch. ©Partners for Learning, Inc do not distribute

index A list, found in the back of a book, giving the location of every important idea, term, definition, person, and place mentioned in the text ©Partners for Learning, Inc do not distribute

Inference Because it is pouring rain outside, I am making an inference that I should wear a rain coat today. A conclusion drawn from combining information read with information from experience or assumed ©Partners for Learning, Inc do not distribute

Informational nonfiction Writing that provides factual information and that often explains ideas/teaches processes. ©Partners for Learning, Inc do not distribute

Internal conflict A struggle between opposing needs, desires, or emotions within a single character. ©Partners for Learning, Inc do not distribute

interpret You may interpret a story different than your classmate because the story means something different to each of you. To translate, analyze, or give examples drawn from a text. ©Partners for Learning, Inc do not distribute

irony Example of irony: You study all week long for a big spelling test , then misspell your name on the test. A contrast between what is expected and what actually exists or happens. ©Partners for Learning, Inc do not distribute

Journalism the collecting and editing of news to be presented in newspapers or magazines or over television or radio ©Partners for Learning, Inc do not distribute

Listing/description Sample listing/description: Home for Sale Large backyard 5 beds, 3 baths 2 car garage Located near great school Pieces of information (facts, reasons, ideas, examples, features, steps, etc.) are listed. ©Partners for Learning, Inc do not distribute

Literary device An example literary device is personification: The words on the page jumped out at me. A technique used to achieve a particular effect, such as descriptive/figurative language ©Partners for Learning, Inc do not distribute

Literary element Characters Setting Plot Includes all the elements in a story; setting, characters, plot (problem, solution, conclusion) ©Partners for Learning, Inc do not distribute

Literary nonfiction Here are some examples of literary nonfiction titles: Like fiction, except that the characters, setting, and plot are real rather than imaginary ©Partners for Learning, Inc do not distribute

Literature written works having excellence of form or expression and ideas of lasting and widespread interest ©Partners for Learning, Inc do not distribute

Main idea Detail Detail They are playful. They like to cuddle. Main Idea I like cats. Detail Detail My cat is friendly. Cats are cute. The most important idea expressed in a piece of writing ©Partners for Learning, Inc do not distribute

metaphor A comparison of two things that have something in common…it states one thing is something else. ©Partners for Learning, Inc do not distribute

mood The author is describing all of the wonderful colors and smells that are present in the marketplace. This creates a happy mood for the reader. The feeling or atmosphere that a writer creates for the reader ©Partners for Learning, Inc do not distribute

moral The Tortoise and the Hare The moral is: slow and steady wins the race A story that teaches a lesson ©Partners for Learning, Inc do not distribute

Multiple meanings 1. I watched the bat fly through the trees. 2. Raymond gripped the bat tightly as he waited for the pitch. 3. I hope I can bat a home run! The particular meaning of a word that is dependent upon how it is used in a sentence. ©Partners for Learning, Inc do not distribute

myth A traditional story told to explain the customs and beliefs of a society ©Partners for Learning, Inc do not distribute

nonfiction Examples of nonfiction : News articles Biographies Autobiographies Textbooks Writing that tells about real people, places, and events ©Partners for Learning, Inc do not distribute

onomatopoeia A word that imitates or suggests the source of the sound that it describes. ©Partners for Learning, Inc do not distribute

opinion A personal judgment that someone thinks is true, but that may be true or false ©Partners for Learning, Inc do not distribute

Organizational patterns Common Organizational Patterns Chronological Compare and Contrast Order of Importance Sequence Spatial Cause and Effect Problem and Solution Text structures found in all types of nonfiction and some fiction. ©Partners for Learning, Inc do not distribute

parallelism The quality or condition of being parallel; a parallel relationship.Likeness, correspondence, or similarity in aspect, course, or tendency ©Partners for Learning, Inc do not distribute

paraphrasing Quoting Paraphrasing Summarizing Use an exact copy of the author’s words Use the authors ideas in your own words Putting main ideas into your own words Author’s words and ideas Author’s ideas in your words Present only the most important ideas of the author Must use “quotation marks” and cite your source Must site your source A restatement of a passage or text in somewhat different words so as to simplify or clarify. ©Partners for Learning, Inc do not distribute

personification A figure of speech in which a nonhuman thing or quality is written about it as if it were human. ©Partners for Learning, Inc do not distribute

perspective A student from America and a student from Germany may have different opinions and standpoints; they may have different perspectives. A position from which something is considered or evaluated; standpoint. ©Partners for Learning, Inc do not distribute

persuasive To talk someone into doing or believing something; convince ©Partners for Learning, Inc do not distribute

plagiarize To steal and pass off (as the ideas or words of another) as one's own ©Partners for Learning, Inc do not distribute

plot Plot Climax Conflict Resolution Conclusion Introduction The sequence of events in a story…exposition, rising action, climax, falling action and resolution. ©Partners for Learning, Inc do not distribute

Reading/Language Arts Vocabulary – Grade 6-8
Point of view First person Told from “I” perspective Second Person Told from “You” perspective Third Person Told from a narrator's perspective The vantage point from which a writer tells a story ©Partners for Learning, Inc do not distribute

predict To say in advance what one believes will happen; foretell a future event or events ©Partners for Learning, Inc do not distribute

prefix Un wrap The prefix un means not, or opposite of A letter or group of letters added to the beginning of a word that changes the meaning ©Partners for Learning, Inc do not distribute

Present tense The period of time we are in now ©Partners for Learning, Inc do not distribute

Primary source Primary source is an original document or object that provides you with information Secondary source is something written about your primary source, like comments on or interpretations of the original document Materials written by people who were present at events, either as participants or as observers. ©Partners for Learning, Inc do not distribute

problem/solution The girl wouldn’t stop yelling, so I put on my headphones and listen to music. A text structure which identifies and describes a problem and then offers one or more possible solutions. ©Partners for Learning, Inc do not distribute

protagonist Protagonist The main character in fiction or drama…the person who sets the plot in motion. ©Partners for Learning, Inc do not distribute

pun Play on multiple meanings of a word or on two words that sound alike but have different meanings. ©Partners for Learning, Inc do not distribute

Question/Answer An example of question/answer: Did you know dogs are thought to be the first domesticated animal? Archeologists have found evidence that in ancient civilizations, dogs were trained to hunt and fight in wars dating back to over 15,000 years ago! When the author poses questions about a topic, then provides support to answer them. ©Partners for Learning, Inc do not distribute

quote Tell me and I forget. Teach me and I remember. Involve me and I learn. - Benjamin Franklin You learn something every day if you pay attention. - Ray LeBlond to repeat (a passage, phrase, etc.) from a book, speech, or the like. ©Partners for Learning, Inc do not distribute

Reflexive pronoun A pronoun that is preceded by the noun, adjective, adverb or pronoun to which it refers (its antecedent) within the same clause. ©Partners for Learning, Inc do not distribute

Relevant details Details that support the main idea are relevant details. A fact revealed by an author that supports an attitude or tone in a piece of poetry or prose. ©Partners for Learning, Inc do not distribute

research Careful and organized study or gathering of information about a specific topic ©Partners for Learning, Inc do not distribute

resolution Climax Conflict Resolution Conclusion Introduction The portion of a play or story where the central problem is solved ©Partners for Learning, Inc do not distribute

Rising action Climax Conflict Rising Action Resolution Conclusion Introduction The events in a story that move the plot forward, which involves conflicts and complications. ©Partners for Learning, Inc do not distribute

Root word Prefix Un wrap Root word The base word you start with before adding prefixes or suffixes ©Partners for Learning, Inc do not distribute

sarcasm A form of verbal irony, usually harsh, that is often used as an insult. ©Partners for Learning, Inc do not distribute

satire An example of satire is parody: when someone takes a popular song and changes the lyrics to poke fun of the original song. Type of writing that ridicules human weakness, vice, or folly in order to bring about social reform ©Partners for Learning, Inc do not distribute

Secondary resource Primary source is an original document or object that provides you with information Secondary source is something written about your primary source, like comments on or interpretations of the original document Records of events that were created some time after the events occurred. ©Partners for Learning, Inc do not distribute

sentence Abby planted carrots in the vegetable garden. A group of words that makes sense ©Partners for Learning, Inc do not distribute

Shades of meaning small, subtle differences in meaning between similar words or phrases. ©Partners for Learning, Inc do not distribute

sonnet A poem with fourteen lines. Each line has fourteen syllables, and a fixed pattern of rhymes. ©Partners for Learning, Inc do not distribute

stereotype something agreeing with a pattern; especially : an idea that many people have about a thing or a group and that may often be untrue or only partly true ©Partners for Learning, Inc do not distribute

suffix Work ed The suffix ed means happened in the past One or more letters added to the end of a root word that changes the word’s meaning ©Partners for Learning, Inc do not distribute

Summary statement Sample paragraph: Sunday is Father’s Day, and Maria wants to buy a special gift for her father. She looked at the Father’s Day ads in the newspaper, but they mostly had sales on ties and bottles of cologne. Her father doesn’t like to wear ties, and he never wears cologne. He used to go fishing or bowling on the weekends, but lately he’s been staying home and working in the garden. Summary statement: Maria would like to buy her dad a special Father’s Day gift A general statement that presents the main points or facts in condensed form. ©Partners for Learning, Inc do not distribute

Symbolism the representation of something in symbolic form or the attribution of symbolic meaning or character to something ©Partners for Learning, Inc do not distribute

synonym A word that has the same or almost the same meaning as another word ©Partners for Learning, Inc do not distribute

synthesize Synthesize Previous Knowledge New Information Identifying the relationships among two or more ideas. ©Partners for Learning, Inc do not distribute

table A type of graphic aid that presents a group of facts in rows and columns. ©Partners for Learning, Inc do not distribute

Table of contents A listing by page number of the main topics of a book, usually found in the front of the book ©Partners for Learning, Inc do not distribute

Text box A distinct section of a page that highlights information found in the main text and provides more information. ©Partners for Learning, Inc do not distribute

Text features Design elements that include structure of a text and help with the understanding of the text ©Partners for Learning, Inc do not distribute

theme Sample theme: Honesty In this theme, characters find that it is always best to tell the truth. A subject for a work of literature, art, or music ©Partners for Learning, Inc do not distribute

tone If a writer is finds their subject to be amusing, he/she may use a humorous tone. An expression of a writer’s attitude toward a subject. ©Partners for Learning, Inc do not distribute

Workplace document Materials that are produced or used within a work setting. ©Partners for Learning, Inc do not distribute

World literature Literature that is circulated beyond its country of origin ©Partners for Learning, Inc do not distribute

Reading/Language Arts Vocabulary - Grade 6-8

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Reading/Language Arts Vocabulary - Grade 6-8

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