1. PAD190 PRINCIPLES OF PUBLIC ADMINISTRATION
LESSON 6
PUBLIC POLICY

2. INTRODUCTION
PUBLIC POLICY IS ONE OF THE IMPORTANCE INSTRUMENTS IN PUBLIC ADMINISTRATION THAT APPLIED TO ACTIVITIES OF GOVERNMENTAL ADMINISTRATION, MANAGEMENT AND OPERATION. THE STUDY OF PUBLIC POLICY FOCUSES ON THE THEORY, PROCESS AND ITS APPLICATION ON PUBLIC ADMINISTRATION PRACTICES.

3. THE OBJECTIVES OF THIS LESSON
After attended this lecture student should be able to:-
Define public policy.
Describe the process of policy-making.
Explain public policy making models.
Understand the applications of public policy in Malaysian public administration.

4. WHAT IS PUBLIC POLICY?
Public policy can be generally defined as the course of action or inaction taken by governmental entities (the decisions of government) with regard to a particular issue or set of issues.
Public policy refers to a fixed plan and pattern of behaviour by a government toward an issue confronting it.
a system of courses of action, regulatory measures, laws, and funding priorities concerning a given topic promulgated by a governmental entity or its representatives.

5. Public policy incorporates objectives and strategies that address a number of social concerns and issues
EDUCATION POLICY – concern with education service and its delivery
HEALTH POLICY – concern with health and strategies to improve health services.
NEW ECONOMIC POLICY – concern with long term and short term development plan and its implementation.
NATIONAL BUDGET – concern with planning of national income and expenditure.

6. THE CONTENT OF PUBLIC POLICY
ISSUE – the concern of the government
OBJECTIVE – aims or goals of the policy
STRATGIES – how to achieve the goals
PROGRAMMES – a particular activities that going to be implemented
FINANCE – cost incurred of achieving the objectives

7. NATIONAL ECONOMIC POLICY (NEP)
ISSUE – POVERTY AND DIFFERENCE IN ECONOMIC STATUS RURAL VS URBAN
OBJECTIVES – IMPROVING OPPORTUNITIES AND INCREASE INCOME
STARTEGIES – ERADICATION OF POVERTY AMONG POOR PEOPLE, RESTRUCTURING MALAYSIAN SOCIETY
PROGRAMMES - FELDA

8. TYPES OF PUBLIC POLICY
REGULATORY POLICY – to monitor and control activities
DISTRIBUTIVE POLICY – to subsidies or give aid to society eg: poverty policy
REDISTRIBUTIVE POLICY – Restructuring economy and wealth among society
SECURITY POLICY – maintaining peace and stability

9. WHO MAKES PUBLIC POLICY?
The process of formulating public policy comprises political and non-political (NGO) groups, administrative, legal and parliamentary components.
Every components have their own roles in ensuring their interests are fulfill.
Federal public service institutions play a leading role in the formulation of public policies. These institutions include such as Central agencies, Ministries and department.

10. ACTORS IN PUBLIC POLICY MAKING
POLITICIANS
WITHIN AND OUTSIDE THE GOVERNMENT
CIVIL SERVANTS
POLICY MAKERS
POLICY IMPLEMENTERS
PUBLIC
MASS MEDIA
INDIVIDUAL OR COLLECTIVE WATCHDOGS

11. POLICY PROCESS POLICY FORMULATION POLICY IMPLEMENTATION
POLICY EVALUATION
POLICY REVIEW

12. PUBLIC POLICY MAKING MODELS
Elite Model – policy making is the domination of elite group
Incremental Model – New policy is an advancement of current policy
Group Model – policy is a group initiatives through bargaining process between policy makers and the group
System Model – policy is the product of political system
Rational Model – policy is the result of rational thinking
Institutional Model -

13. ELITE MODEL (Thomas R. Dye
HEIRARCY OF POWER
Power
power
RULING ELITES
PUBLIC SERVANTS
PUBLIC
HIERARCHY OF SOCIETY

14. THE CHARACTERISTICS OF ELITE MODEL
Elite is the dominant group.
Public are passive/apathetic.
Elite opinion become a novel value
Policy is an elite decision.
Policy is directed towards elite interest.
The survival of elite depend on public support.

15. INCREMENTAL MODEL (Charles E. Lindblom)
POLICY 5
POLICY 6
POLICY 4
POLICY 3
POLICY 2

16. THE CHARACTERISTICS OF INVREMENTAL MODEL
Policy making is a continues process
Limitations and constraints
Familiarity policy
New policy is the advancement of current policy.
Uncertainty in making the new policy
Incurred cost for establishing new policy
Reducing conflict

17. GROUPS MODEL (David Truman)
POLICY MAKERS
PRESSURE GROUPS
PRESSURE GROUPS
POLICY

18. THE CHARACTERISTICS OF GROUP MODEL
Policy making is the process of equilibrium among various groups.
Group demand becomes the factor of determining the policy
Policy decision depends on the group strength
Checking and balancing

19. SYSTEM MODEL (David Easton)
ENVIRONMENT
PROCESS
POLICY DECISION
DEMANDS
POLITICAL SYSTEM
OUTPUT
INPUT
SUPOPORTS
ENVIRONMENT

20. THE CHARACTERISTICS OF SYSTEM MODEL
Policy making is a political process
Policy is a transformation of input into output
Public demands and supports as an input of making the policy decision
Policy as an influence of the environment
Final policy is the overall process of transformation.

21. POLICY APPLICATIONS IN MALAYSIA
Various policy have been established by the government to ensure the efficiency and effectiveness of public administration service delivery.
The scope of public policy in Malaysia is very wide.
Policy making involves various actors.
Policy making is coordinated by EPU
Parliamentary process is the final step of policy making.

22. 1MALAYSIA RAKYAT DIDAHULUKAN PENCAPAIAN DIUTAMAKAN
MALAYSIAN NEW POLICY
1MALAYSIA
RAKYAT DIDAHULUKAN PENCAPAIAN DIUTAMAKAN

23. Internet Links

24. TUTORIAL 6 Discuss the policy making models that applied in Malaysia.
Discuss the example of public policy being applied in Malaysia.

25. THAT ALL FOR TODAY SEE YOU AGAIN NEXT LECTURE
LESSON 7
“PERSONNEL ADMINISTRATION”
THANK YOU