1. English language influences on other languages

2. How? The English language influences how people speak all around the world. This happens in three main ways: Adoption -English as a second language. Lexical - Borrowing of words and expressions. Structural - Intermingling of structure as well as vocabulary

3. Adoption The English language... is taught in schools worldwide. is used as the language of communication between native speakers of other languages. is still an official language in many other countries. Features of ESL: Accent fluidity Phonetic inaccuracy Over-application of target language features

4. Lexical Many languages contain words borrowed from English. Some are straightforward borrows and look almost the same. Some are adapted to closer fit the spelling, grammar and pronunciation scheme of the receiving language. Can you think of any examples from Swedish? Direktlån shit! wow! Direktöversättning bakslag – backlash, blandare - mixer. Vetenskaplig samdefinition stroke (istället för hjärnblödning). Ny företeelse Internet, e-mail, och fax. Försvenskning tajta, slimmad (svensk staving, Grammatik) Lånord som lånats rakt av från engelska kallas anglicismer.

5. Pidgins & Creoles The language of the conqueror is not the language of the conquered, but they need to communicate. Orders are given in simple language, basic words begin to be understood, the native language is mixed in… …a pidgin is born. The children of the conquered grow up learning the pidgin as their first language. They expand the rules of the language and create a grammar… …a creole is born. Pidgin: simplified mixture of two or more languages Creole: mixture of languages which has a complex grammatical structure and is the first language of a group.

6. Tok Pisin http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Tok_Pisin

7. as bagarap gat bel hap haus haus moni haus sik hevi hukim pis maus gras numba wan Jesus man olgeta sapos sit solwara stap meri bottom, cause, beginning (from "ass"/"arse"). broken, to break down (from "bugger up”) pregnant (lit. "has belly"; pasin bilong givim bel = fertility) a piece of, as in "hap diwai" = a piece of wood. (from "half”) house bank (from "house money") hospital (from "house sick") heavy, problem. "Em i gat bigpela hevi" = "he has a big problem". to catch fish (from "hook") moustache (lit: "mouth grass”) Pope all (from "all together") if (from "suppose") remnant (from "shit") ocean (from "salt water") be, live, stay (from "stop”) woman (from the English name "Mary"). Also means female, e.g. "Bulmakau meri" (lit. "bull cow female") = cow

8. Tok Pisin personSingularPlural 1stmi I, memipela we 2nd yu you yupela you (all) 3rdem he, she, it ol they, them English sound Tok Pisin sound k, gk f, pp sh, ss Add “im” to present tense verb before object. Add “bai” before past tense verb. Repeat root to ‘increase’ meaning. Luk Kat Tok Laik Wok Look/see Cut Talk Like Walk Verbs Gras Het Fes Grass Head Face Nouns bilong long belong, also shows ownership. All other preps. Can also mean “long, tall”. Prepositions

9. Tok Pisin personSingularPlural 1stmi I, memipela we 2nd yu you yupela you (all) 3rdem he, she, it ol they, them English sound Tok Pisin sound k, gk f, pp sh, ss Add “im” to present tense verb before object. Add “bai” before past tense verb. Repeat root to ‘increase’ meaning. Luk Kat Tok Laik Wok Look/see Cut Talk Like Walk Verbs Gras Het Fes Grass Head Face Nouns bilong long belong, also shows ownership. All other preps. Can also mean “long, tall”. Prepositions 1.Mi laiklaik yu. Translate!

10. Tok Pisin personSingularPlural 1stmi I, memipela we 2nd yu you yupela you (all) 3rdem he, she, it ol they, them English sound Tok Pisin sound k, gk f, pp sh, ss Add “im” to present tense verb before object. Add “bai” before past tense verb. Repeat root to ‘increase’ meaning. Luk Kat Tok Laik Wok Look/see Cut Talk Like Walk Verbs Gras Het Fes Grass Head Face Nouns bilong long belong, also shows ownership. All other preps. Can also mean “long, tall”. Prepositions 2. Mi lukim tri pik. Translate!

11. Tok Pisin personSingularPlural 1stmi I, memipela we 2nd yu you yupela you (all) 3rdem he, she, it ol they, them English sound Tok Pisin sound k, gk f, pp sh, ss Add “im” to present tense verb before object. Add “bai” before past tense verb. Repeat root to ‘increase’ meaning. Luk Kat Tok Laik Wok Look/see Cut Talk Like Walk Verbs Gras Het Fes Grass Head Face Nouns bilong long belong, also shows ownership. All other preps. Can also mean “long, tall”. Prepositions 3. Ol tok sit. Translate!

12. Tok Pisin personSingularPlural 1stmi I, memipela we 2nd yu you yupela you (all) 3rdem he, she, it ol they, them English sound Tok Pisin sound k, gk f, pp sh, ss Add “im” to present tense verb before object. Add “bai” before past tense verb. Repeat root to ‘increase’ meaning. Luk Kat Tok Laik Wok Look/see Cut Talk Like Walk Verbs Gras Het Fes Grass Head Face Nouns bilong long belong, also shows ownership. All other preps. Can also mean “long, tall”. Prepositions 4. Em lukluk long mi. Translate!

13. Tok Pisin personSingularPlural 1stmi I, memipela we 2nd yu you yupela you (all) 3rdem he, she, it ol they, them English sound Tok Pisin sound k, gk f, pp sh, ss Add “im” to present tense verb before object. Add “bai” before past tense verb. Repeat root to ‘increase’ meaning. Luk Kat Tok Laik Wok Look/see Cut Talk Like Walk Verbs Gras Het Fes Grass Head Face Nouns bilong long belong, also shows ownership. All other preps. Can also mean “long, tall”. Prepositions 5. Mi wok long taim tumora. Translate!

14. Papa bilong mipela Yu stap long heven. Nem bilong yu i mas i stap holi. Kingdom bilong yu i mas i kam. Strongim mipela long bihainim laik bilong yu long graun, olsem ol i bihainim long heven. Givim mipela kaikai inap long tude. Pogivim rong bilong mipela, olsem mipela i pogivim ol arapela i mekim rong long mipela. Sambai long mipela long taim bilong traim. Na rausim olgeta samting nogut long mipela. Kingdom na strong na glori, em i bilong yu tasol oltaim oltaim. Tru.

15. Papa - father bilong - genitive indicator (belong) mipela - we/us (we fellows) yu - you stap - stop/stay/remain long - (all prepositions) heven - heaven nem - name mas - imperative indicator (must) holi - holy kingdom - kingdom kam - come strong - power -im - (transitive indicator) strongim - promote/cause bihainim - follow ('behind' as tr verb) laik - will/want/like graun - earth/ground/world olsem - as ol - they (all) givim - give (tr) kaikai - food inap - sufficient (enough) tude - today pogivim - forgive (tr) rong - sins arapela - others (other fellows) mekim - commit/do, make (tr) sambai - guard taim - time traim - trial/temptation na - and rausim - take out/put out olgeta samting - everything (altogether something) nogut - evil (not good) glori - glory em - he/she/it tasol - only (that's all) oltaim - ever (all time) tru - indeed.