1. Review of the Related Literature Organizing & Writing a Literature Review

2. The Literature Review is… A discussion of your knowledge about the topic under study A discussion of your knowledge that is supported by the research literature A foundation for the study

3. The Literature Review is not… A study-by-study, or article-by-article, description of studies previously done A re-statement of the studies previously done A brief overview of articles

4. Reviewing the Literature  Begin with a search of the available literature  Critically analyze each article (study) you select  Organize the review with an outline  Write the review  Summarize the review  Using the literature, present a rationale for your study

5. Critically Analyzing the Literature  Abstract the author’s description of the study related to your area of interest? conclusions relevant?  Statement of the Problem restate the topic problem stated clearly? purpose? significance?  Hypothesis or Research Question(s) Clearly stated? Relevant? Related to your area of interest?  Assumptions Explicit assumptions? Implicit assumptions Similar to yours?

6. Critically Analyzing the Literature  Delimitations How was the study narrowed? Which considerations are relevant to your study?  Definitions Key concepts & terms?

7. Critically Analyzing the Literature  Method research design? population & sample? measurement? procedures?  Findings make sense? what do they say about your area of interest?  Discussion Presented clearly? Meaningful interpretations? Implications discussed? Suggestions or recommendations? Limits to practical application?  Conclusion What did you learn? Re-state your new knowledge

8. Organizing the Literature Search: the Tree Diagram subtopic Topic subtopic

9. Tree Diagram Example Home visits Academic achievement Homework assistance Home-school communication Parent involvement volunteerism barriers Teachers’ beliefs Involvement in decision making

10. Tree to Outline Format: Home Visits I.Home-school Communication II.Academic Achievement III.Parent Involvement A.Barriers to parent involvement IV.Volunteerism A.Barriers to volunteerism Look! An example!

11. Writing the Literature Review  Always begin with an introduction to the review & end with a summary  Make the connection for the reader between the subtopics & the topic  Use direct quotations infrequently  Always cite your sources  Present your knowledge on the topics & subtopics  Summarize each subtopic  Include a transition paragraph from one subtopic to the next

12.  Reiterate the research problem  Introduce the sub- topics Introduction Example paragraph 1 The purpose of this study is to determine the effect of poor coordination on the effective delivery of consultant services.  Effective organiza- tional structures  Service coordination practices  Consultants’ profes- sional support needs Example paragraph 2 Organizing the Literature Review

13. First Subtopic Discussion should in- clude:  How is the subtopic connected to the problem?  Your knowledge, based on the literature you have studied  Specify subtopics (if any)  Summary & transition  Mission & Pur- pose  Goals & objectives (planning)  Task units So, given all that, yaddah, yaddah, it is important to note the role of… Effective Organizational Structures In order for the coor- dination of services to be effective, a struc- ture must exist within which service units are organized and can operate. Yaddah, yaddah, yaddah… Long range strategic planning characterizes organizations with ef- fective internal struc- tures (Brown, 1997). Key to such an effort is the identification of…

14. Writing  Use APA style & format  Have your work proofread before submitting  Follow all format guidelines  Must be a thorough review, reflected by the depth of the discussion  Should begin prior to the implementation of the study