1. An Overview of Applied Linguistics

2. What is Applied Linguistics?
“Applied Linguistics” is using what we know about language, how it is learned, and how it is used, in order to achieve some purpose or solve some problem in the real world.

3. What is Applied Linguistics?
“Applied Linguistics” is using what we know about language, how it is learned, and how it is used, in order to achieve some purpose or solve some problem in the real world.

4. What is Applied Linguistics?
“Applied Linguistics” is using what we know about language, how it is learned, and how it is used, in order to achieve some purpose or solve some problem in the real world.

5. Question
According to the definition, what are some possible issues concerned in the field of Applied Linguistics?

6. Areas in Applied Linguistics
Traditional concern of applied linguistics has been
second language acquisition theory
second language pedagogy
interface between the two
Other areas
authorship identification
forensic linguistics
language-related disorders (aphasic, autistic speakers)

7. Areas in Applied Linguistics—AAAL 2002 (18 topic areas)
language and its acquisition
language and assessment
language and the brain
language and cognition
language and culture
language and ideology
language and instruction

8. Areas in Applied Linguistics—AAAL 2002
language and interaction
language and listening
language and media
language and policy
language and reading
language and research methodology
language and society

9. Areas in Applied Linguistics—AAAL 2002
language and speaking
language and technology
language and translation/interpretation
language and writing

10. Homework
Visit the conference websites of AILA 2005, AAAL/CAAL 2006, BAAL2005, ALAA2005 and check what sub-areas each conference include in its Call for Papers.
The purpose of this homework is to make you see what areas are of interest in the field of Applied Linguistics.

11. The Development of Applied Linguistics—Early History
the ancient Greeks
Plato and Aristotle: design of curriculum of grammar, rhetoric

12. The Development of Applied Linguistics—Early History
English:
Samuel Johnson (1755). Dictionary of the English Language
authority on the meanings of English words
standardizing English spellings
Robert Lowth (1762). Short Introduction to English Grammar
adopted as ‘correct English”

13. The Development of Applied Linguistics—The 20th Century
L2 teaching methods:
Grammar-translation method (ability to ‘analyze’ language)
Direct method (use-based, exposure to oral language)
Reading MethodVocabulary Control Movement)
Aodiolingualism (World War II) (Behaviorism)
Cognitive approach (Chomsky, 1959) (LAD)
Communicative competence (Hymes, 1972)
Monitor theory (Krashen, 1982)
Focus on form form (Doughty and Williams, 1998)
CALL
Corpus Linguistics

14. The Development of Applied Linguistics—The 20th Century
Social/Cultural and Contextual Elements
Philosophy
Psychology (experimental science): separation of individual and society (Chomsky)
Labov (1970): How social factors influence L1 language use Tarone (1979) did the same for L2
Sociolinguistics: The study of the interface of social factors and language use
Pragmatics
Discourse Analysis

15. The Development of Applied Linguistics—The 20th Century
Social/Cultural and Contextual Elements
Philosophy
Psychology (experimental science): separation of individual and society (Chomsky)
Labov (1970): How social factors influence L1 language use Tarone (1979) did the same for L2
Sociolinguistics: The study of the interface of social factors and language use
Pragmatics
Discourse Analysis

16. The Development of Applied Linguistics—The 20th Century
Sociolinguistics: The study of the interface of social factors and language use
Pragmatics
Discourse Analysis
Social and contextual influences cannot be divorced form individual learners when language learning and use are studied.

17. Themes to Watch For in this Book
The Interrelationship of the Areas of Applied Linguistics
The Move from Discrete to more Holistic and Integrative Perspectives
Language use is not just a product of a number of individual language ‘knowledge bits’ which reside completely within interlocutors; it is also profoundly affected by a number of other factors, such as the social context (who you are communicating with and for what purpose), the degree of involvement and interaction, the mode of communication (style) and time constraints.

18. Themes to Watch For in this Book
The Move from Discrete to more Holistic and Integrative Perspectives
Taking these and other factors into account gives us a much richer and more accurate account of the way language is actually used and leads to a better description of the knowledge and skills which make up language proficiency.

19. Themes to Watch For in this Book
Bringing the language learner into the discussion
Ch 10, Focus on the Language Learner: Motivation, Styles and Strategies

20. Themes to Watch For in this Book
New Perspectives on Teaching the Four Skills (Ch 11-14)

21. The Lack of ‘Black and White’ Answers
Because language is created and processed both between interlocutors and within the human mind, much of what is of interest in applied linguistics is hidden from direct view and study.
We cannot yet look into the human brain and directly observe language, which means that most research has to rely on indirect evidence observable through language processing and use

22. The Lack of ‘Black and White’ Answers
The results of such indirect evidence needs to be interpreted, and usually more than one interpretation is possible.
This makes it difficult to say much with complete certainty about language learning and use.
It is thus remains the responsibility of researchers, teachers and readers to evaluate the various proposed positions and decide which makes the most sense.