1. Experience with Hybrid Energy Systems in Minigrids in South-Asia José A. Aguado, PhD Professor, University of Malaga (jaguado@uma.es) Grid Expert, Effergy Energía effergy Energía ACEF, Asian Develpment Bank Manila, 15-19, Jun-2015

2. Effergy—The Company Effergy is a Renewable Energy Consultancy company created in 2009 and associated with some of the most important RE research institutes in Europe Expertise lies mainly in the field of renewables, with a wide and extensive experience in consultancy, research and capacity building.

3. Why Hybrid Energy Systems in Mini Grids?

4. What is a Hybrid Energy Systems? A hybrid mini-grid  at least two different energy sources By a mix of renewable energy sources and a Diesel gensets

5. Why Hybrid Energy Systems in Minigrids? Cons Pros CO2 Emissions Reduced Use of indigenous energy resources Diesel consumption  Security of Supply High Invesment Costs compared to 100% Diesel

6. Why Hybrid Energy Systems in Minigrids? Minimum LCOE in Maldives  Minimum LCOE in Sri Lanka

7. Available Technologies for Minigrids POWER PLANT CONTROL WIND POWER PLANT DIESEL GENT SETS BATTERY STORAGE SYSTEM PV POWER PLANT Proposed System Architecture

8. Hybrid Minigrid Sustainability Not many hybrid Mini-Grids are installed globally Even fewer operate sustainable and profitable Basic Guidelines are required!!

9. Guidelines for Successful Hybrid Energy Systems Data Collection Consultations with Stakeholders Subsidy, tariff and business models Suitable Design Criteria Capacity Building & Training Operation, maintenance and management (OM&M) Monitoring & project evaluation

10. Agenda 1 Why Hybrid Energy Systems ? 2 Mini-Grid Energy Source Technologies 3 Case Study with Homer Generation Mix Planning Mini-Grid Operation:Stability

11. Generation Mix Planning

12. Design Criteria  Minimize Fuel Consumption  Optimum Level of % RE Penetration  Min. Cost of Energy  Financially & Economically Sustainable Projects  Minimize CO2 Emissions and Environmental Impact  Optimize Land Use

13. Design General Approach I Reference Scenario = Business as Usual Supply side efficiency improvements Renewable Energy Alternatives Land and roof- tops availability Simulation Model & Grid compatibility Economic and financial sustainability

14. Design General Approach II

15. RE Siting-Kurendhoo

16. RE Sizing--Kurendhoo

17. Design General Approach: Case Study Kurendhoo: NPC-LCOE 100%

18. Design General Approach: Example Kurendhoo: Electricity Generation—CO2 100%

19. Design General Approach: Example Kurendhoo: Fossil Fuel Consumption 100%

20. Rakeedhoo, Vaavu atoll (Maldives) Around 370 inhabitants Measured peak demand: 22 kW Maximum daily energy consumption: 450 kWh Existing power infrastructure: 3 diesel generators (60, 60 and 40 kW). One of them is almost new. Single phase distribution lines in acceptable condition. Excellent solar resource / poor wind resource

21. Existing 60 kW genset 29 kWp PV Load: 220 kWh/day 25 kW max 55 kWh Li-Ion Rakeedhoo, Optimal generation mix

22. Health center (12 kWp) Local Council Office (12 kWp) Local Council Store (5 kWp) Rakeedhoo, RE siting

23. AC coupled – The grid forming unit can be switched between the battery inverter and the genset. Rakeedhoo, System diagram

24. Around 800 inhabitants Measured peak demand: 25 kW Maximum daily energy consumption: 200 kWh Existing power infrastructure: ⁻ Old inefficient diesel gensets. ⁻ Single phase distribution lines. Extension to 3-phase is recommended. Excellent solar and wind resource Eluvaithivu, Jaffna península (Sri Lanka)

25. Eluvaithivu, Optimal generation mix New 30 kW genset 46 kWp PV 6x3 kW WT 77 kWh Li-Ion Load: 200 kWh/day 50 kW max

26. Eluvaithivu, RE-siting Hospital Rooftop (12 kWp PV) Multi- Purpose Building (12 kWp PV) Newly Built Pergola (22 kWp PV) South beach (6x3kW wind turbines)

27. AC coupled – The grid forming unit can be switched between the battery inverter and the genset. Eluvaithivu, System diagram

28. Power Development Board School, Siddhirganj (Bangladesh) Around 1240 students (1st to 10th grade) Measured peak demand: 18 kW Maximum daily energy consumption: 192 kWh Objective  Islanded RE power system that uses the grid only as a backup. Excellent solar resource / poor wind resource

29. PDB School, Siddhirganj. Generation mix

30. PDB School,Siddhirganj. RE siting 36 kWp PV panels on the rooftop of the school Batteries and power electronic s in a container

31. PDB School. Independence from the grid vs. Cost of the system 100% PV based systems need to be very oversized if they are to supply all the demand during the whole year by themselves.